Iftikhar Presentation

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By
Iftikhar Ahmad
m tline
MIntrod tion
MPolie Reforms
MCivil Servie Reforms
MEvidene Based P li Poliy

Introd tion
M Needs of the Tehnial expertise for
eonomi effiieny
M Reforms are req ired to improve

instit tions and eonomi effiieny
M Reform is a proess, where hane,

nertainty, and amig ity dominate.
PmICE REFmRMS
PmICE REFmRMS
MThe Corporate aspet of professionalism has

many aspets t one of its onstit ent parts is
the form lation and adherene to standards.
Mmne these standards have een developed,

polie wo ld need to provide training to enale
polie offiers to attain req isite level of
expertise in these standards.
ëhat is training? Is it
hanging ehavior?
ëhat is training? Is it hanging ehavior?
Training to hange ehavio r of the polie

professionals in Pakistan:
MNeed to have not only high q ality trainers

t also modern training tehniq es and state-
of-the-art training mod les and rri la.
MDIG Training was installed to oversee the

training of the Polie Shools system in 2000.
M Centralize the training regime while keeping in

view the pa ity of training infrastr t re was
not a ad approah.
M More important than entralizing the delivery

of training is to entralize the system of training
eval ation.
M Eval ation of training is as important as

delivery.
M Efforts to s pport the Polie in the reation of a

viale training infrastr t re are nderway.
M Foreign Donors have started a n mer of

programs to s pport the polie reforms in these
areas.
M These programs has developed a man al of

investigation proesses and proed res whih are
essentially a ompendi m of standards in the
investigation of ases.
MPolie reform ndertaken sine 2002 have not

een effetive ea se standards in training have
not improved.
MThese reforms have to e implemented has not

een taken are of.
MThe distrit magistrate's ao ntaility and in-

ilt mehanism has een removed to provide
a tonomy while the p li safety ommissions
have een reated to provide the same.
MThe former was an instit tional mehanism to

provide an ao ntale working environment to
polie
MThis is not a good reipe for development of
professionalism or servie to the ordinary poor
itizen in Pakistan's ities or villages.
MUnderstanding the role of the polie in soiety will

help reate instit tional str t res, write r les and
lay o t ao ntaility mehanisms whih work.
M In the servie delivery departments the operational

ontrols of the politial exe tive sho ld e
strengthened.
§

Civil Servie Reforms
M Civil servie reform is eing dis ssed in

Afria, atin Ameria, E rope and North
Ameria [(Ingraham 1996)].
M Some are fixing legaies of past olonial ivil

servie systems while others are str ggling with
identifying the role of ivil servie in a hanging
politial environment.
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Imperatives for reform
The Eonomi Imperative for Reform
MChanges ased on inentives, performane, and
effiieny in ivil servie str t res in most
developed o ntries inl ding A stralia, United
States, and others.
The Politial Imperative for Reform

MThe relationship etween ivil servie str t re
and the politial system is idiretional ± as m h
as ivil servie is infl ened y the politial system,
it also helps shape the politial system.
Imperatives for reform
The Soial Imperative for Reform
M Civil servie is the fae of the government.

M The p li demand for ivil servie reform arises
o t of the fr stration of the itizens with fail re of
the government to deliver soial servies.
M People elieve that ³p li servie´ is not the fo s
of the ivil servie in Pakistan.
M M ltilateral donor agenies also ritiize poor
governane as an impediment to provision of soial
servies [(ëorld Bank 2000)]
ë

ëhy has reform not worked?
M Tehnially, most p li setor employees

whether they are dotors, engineers, teahers,
reven e olletors, polie or seretariat
employees are `ivil servants.
servants.'
M ëhen a ommission takes p ivil servie

reform most often all ranhes and ategories
of the p li setor employees are inl ded in
its p rview.
rview.
This is wrong
This is wrong
w
M

M
M
M
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M
M

ëhy aggregation for
onept alizing, organizing and
managing reform, is not a good
idea?
M The niform pay sales is an nneessary
onstraint..
onstraint
M They ring rigidity into the str t re of ivil

servie whih sho ld e shaped to math the
needs of diverse roles of the state
state..
M A false sense of soial eq ality with the niform

pay sales has reated a ig h rdle in the way of
reform..
reform
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M Ú

M

Importane of a disaggregated approah
M A patwari's reform annot e the same as that of a

road engineer
engineer..
M The stat tes provide the asi priniples, while the

r les and other poliy instr ments are the ones
whih shape a adre
adre..
M The latter sho ld reeive m h attention and it is

here that the lk of the setor ased approah
will need to fo s.
s.

M Reforms that wo ld work req ire an innovative

approah whih might not e amenale to a
niformist legal framework.
framework.
[istorial perspetive of Civil Servie Reform in
Pakistan
M Civil servie reform is not a new onept in the

history of Pakistan. B rki (1969) desries three
efforts ond ted etween 1948 and 1958:
The Pakistan Pay and Servies Commission ±

1948
A st dy y Rowland Egger ± 1953
A st dy y Bernard Galdie x - 1955.

S seq ent Reforms
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S seq ent Reforms
MAs for the elite CSP of Pakistan, if the oetive of reforms was
to disr pt the instit tion of ivil servie witho t any s stantial
improvement in the q ality or professionalism of its memers,
then s h poliies were destined to depress the morale of the ivil
servie.
M1973 reforms initiated a trend that diminished the elite nat re

of the CSP y lowering standards and s verting meritoray.
M These reforms also helped estalish patron-lient relationship

etween politiians and ivil servants.
M In plae of professionalism and enhaned ompetene, they

promoted the opposite.
§

The idea that ivil servies are meant for mediore

minds, seems to dominate intellet als and politiians
in Pakistan.
³ë

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Pay and Servie Commission Report 1948
§

M Good governane involves solving prolems with

innovative poliy sol tions (like Grameen Bank¶s
system of miro finane in Bangladesh).
MThe reent str t ral hanges in the Pakistani ivil

servie provide an opport nity to introd e reforms
sagely.
M[aving an elite ivil servie is not the prolem. It is

the ³adherene to merit and the emphasis on
professionalism that earns the ivil servie an elite
stat s.
Need for ivil servie training from h man
apital approah
M To ahieve its goal of good governane, there needs to e a fo s on
providing q ality training to ivil servants.
MGood p li poliy is the akone of good governane in any politial
system.
MP li poliy training inl des
Skills and analytial tools to perform poliy analysis
Reommend poliy options
Implement adopted poliies
Eval ate the effetiveness of these poliies

MTraditional ivil servie training fo ses on training offiers to eome
effetive administrators t an do more to impart p li poliy skills.
Evidene-ased p li poliy

Key fators whih help in developing
evidene-ased p li poliies:
MP li poliy training of deision makers
M Easy availaility and aess to government data
M Estalishing new or f nding existing poliy researh

instit tes
M Using international poliy linkages
M Effetive se of information tehnologies in governane.

M Poliy proess in Pakistan is rarely ased on any

systemati analysis and is almost never followed y
systemati eval ation.
ation.
M [aphazard approah to p li poliy is likely to

lead to a long list of failed or failing poliies in
almost all setors of the soiety
soiety..
MProfessionalism in the ivil servie and to etter
governane in the o ntry an res lt from a
omination of the following
following::
M Aess to data
M Eval ation of poliies
M Estalishment of poliy researh programs
M Use of information tehnologies

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MCivil Servie Reforms

MEvidene Based P li Poliy

M Reforms are req ired to improve

M Reform is a proess, where hane,

MThe Corporate aspet of professionalism has

Mmne these standards have een developed,

Training to hange ehavio r of the polie

MNeed to have not only high q ality trainers

MDIG Training was installed to oversee the

M Centralize the training regime while keeping in

M More important than entralizing the delivery

M Eval ation of training is as important as

M Efforts to s pport the Polie in the reation of a

M Foreign Donors have started a n mer of

M These programs has developed a man al of

MPolie reform ndertaken sine 2002 have not

MThese reforms have to e implemented has not

MThe distrit magistrate's ao ntaility and in-

MThe former was an instit tional mehanism to

MUnderstanding the role of the polie in soiety will

M In the servie delivery departments the operational

M Civil servie reform is eing dis ssed in

M Some are fixing legaies of past olonial ivil

The Politial Imperative for Reform

M Civil servie is the fae of the government.

M Tehnially, most p li setor employees

M ëhen a ommission takes p ivil servie

M They ring rigidity into the str t re of ivil

M A false sense of soial eq ality with the niform

M Ú   

M A patwari's reform annot e the same as that of a

M The stat tes provide the asi priniples, while the

M The latter sho ld reeive m h attention and it is

M Reforms that wo ld work req ire an innovative

M Civil servie reform is not a new onept in the

The Pakistan Pay and Servies Commission ±

A st dy y Rowland Egger ± 1953

A st dy y Bernard Galdie x - 1955.

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M1973 reforms initiated a trend that diminished the elite nat re

M These reforms also helped estalish patron-lient relationship

M In plae of professionalism and enhaned ompetene, they

The idea that ivil servies are meant for mediore

³ë   

M Good governane involves solving prolems with

MThe reent str t ral hanges in the Pakistani ivil

M[aving an elite ivil servie is not the prolem. It is

Skills and analytial tools to perform poliy analysis

Reommend poliy options

Implement adopted poliies

Eval ate the effetiveness of these poliies

MP li poliy training of deision makers

M Easy availaility and aess to government data

M Estalishing new or f nding existing poliy researh

M Using international poliy linkages

M Effetive se of information tehnologies in governane.

M Poliy proess in Pakistan is rarely ased on any

M [aphazard approah to p li poliy is likely to

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