Physical

Self
 Growth
 It is the process of physical maturation
resulting an increase in size of the body
and various organs.
 It occurs by multiplication of cells and an
increase in intracellular substance.
 It is the QUANTITATIVE changes in the
body.
 Development
 It is the process of functional and physiological
maturation of the individual.
 It is a progressive increase in SKILLS and
CAPACITY to function.
 It is related to maturation and myelination of the
nervous system.
 It includes changes in psychological, emotional and
social changes.
 it is the QUALITATIVE changes of the self.
 Four Main Types of Growth
and Development
1.Physical – body growth that includes height and weight changes.
2.Mental – intellectual development, problem solving
3. Emotional – refers to feelings and includes dealing with love,
hate, joy, fear, excitement, and other similar feelings.
4. Social – refers to interactions and relationships with other
people.
 Maturation
It is the completion of growth
and development within the
organism, the unfolding of an
individual’s inherent traits or
potentials.
 Types of Maturation
Physical Maturation focuses on the Cognitive Maturation is the way we change
physical changes that occur as we age. our thinking patterns throughout the
lifespan and our principles in life.
 Factors in the development of the
Physical Self
HEREDITY
 Heredity (nature) is the transmission of
traits or characteristics from parents to
offspring.
 It is through the genes, hereditary
potentials like physical, mental, social,
emotional and moral traits are passed
down to generation.
ENVIRONMENT
 Environmental (nurture) is the sum total of
the forces or experiences that a person
undergoes from every stages of life.
 It refers to all the environmental variables
that impact who we are, including our early
childhood experiences, how we were
raised, our social relationships, and our
surrounding culture.
 LIFE STAGES
1. Infancy: birth to (1) year
2. Early Childhood: 1-6 years
3. Late childhood: 6-12 years
4. Adolescence: 12-18 years
5. Early Adulthood: 19-40 years
6. Middle Adulthood: 40-65 years
7. Late Adulthood: 65 years and older
 STAGES OF
GROWTH AND
DEVELOPMENT
 birth to 1 year
Physical development: The most dramatic
and rapid changes in growth and
development happen during the first year of
life.
Mental development: infants make their
needs known by crying. They cannot speak
yet, but are able to understand some words
by six months old. By one year, they
understand many words and use single
words in their vocabulary.
Needs: infants are dependent on others for
all their needs. Love and security are
essential for emotional and social growth.
Stimulation is essential for mental growth.
INFANCY
 Early Childhood
Mental development – verbal growth
1 to 6 years of age

progresses, short attention span, at end of stage

ask questions, recognize letters, and some
words
Emotional: “terrible twos”-children become
frustrated when they cannot perform as desired.
They can become stubborn.
Needs: still include food, rest, shelter, love,
and security. They must learn to be responsible
and to follow rules. This is accomplished by
making reasonable demands based on the
child’s ability.
 Middle Childhood
6 to 10 years of age
Physical: Also known as preadolescence. Most of
the baby teeth are lost and permanent teeth erupt.
During ages 10-12, secondary sexual characteristics
may begin to develop in some children.
Mental: developing quickly and much of the child’s
life centers around school. Reading and writing skills
are learned, understand abstract concepts like
honesty, loyalty, values and morals
Emotional: Fears surrounding starting school are
brought under control. By ages 10-12, sexual
maturation and body changes can lead to periods of
depression followed by periods of joy.
Needs: The same as infancy and early childhood but
now peer acceptance is added.
 Late Childhood
10 to 16 years of age
Fat deposition just prior to adolescent growth spurt
- 9 to 10 years of age in girls
- 11-12 years of age in boys
Physical: physical changes are most dramatic in the early period.
Growth spurts occur that can affect coordination. Puberty occurs where
secondary sexual characteristics and sexual organs mature. Sexual
characteristics include development of pubic hair, facial hair for males,
and breasts for females.
Mental: growth primarily involves increase in knowledge and
sharpening of skills. Conflict occurs when adolescents are treated both
as children and adults, or told to ‘grow up’ while being reminded that
they are ‘still children’.
Emotional: often stormy and in conflict. Trying to establish
independence and identities.
Social: spending more time with friends than family. Seek security in
groups of people their own age.
Needs: In addition to basic needs, adolescents need reassurance,
support and understanding.
 Early Adolescence
10-14 years of age
Physical Development - In this stage, children are
entering puberty. Hair growth, body odor, and
menstruation begin to happen. For girls, their breasts
start to develop. Boys often develop lower voices.
Intellectual Development – They are still very focused
on the present and cannot consider the long-term
consequences of what they do or say.
Emotional Development - Due to many physical
changes that they go thru this stage, it can be quite
emotional roller coaster, Low self-esteem, mood
swings, aggression, and even depression are common.
Social Development – While most social interaction
likely happened with the family and close friends
before this stage, kids generally start to expand their
social interactions to groups of peers outside the “inner
circle” dynamic at this point.
 Middle Adolescence
15 to 17 years old
Physical Development – At this point, most children reach
their adult height. Males often begin to focus on exercising
and grooming. Females at this stage tend to be very aware of
their physical appearance, too.
Intellectual Development – As children move at this stage,
they generally develop the ability to think thru and solve
complex problems for the first time. They also become more
willing and be able to think about the future and what it holds
for them.
Emotional Development – This can be a weird emotional
time as they often be striving for independence while at the
same time craving the security provided by the parents and
their home.
Social Development – At this point, there’s typically a focus
on finding peer groups and friends that they can confide in.
also, this is generally the first time they think about forming
romantic relationships.
 Late Adolescence
18 to 21 years of age
Physical Development – While much of their physical
development will be over at this point, it’s often the case that
they become more interested in fitness and maintaining a
strong and attractive physical appearance.
Intellectual Development – By this stage, they’re often able to
see the “bigger picture” and develop a better understanding of
how their choices and actions affect their long-term future. It’s
also often the case that they begin to develop “street smarts.”
Emotional Development – At this point, they’ll generally begin
to develop more confidence in themselves as their social circles
expand and romantic relationships become front-of-mind. This
can also be a stressful time, as it’s often the first time they’re
forced to think about their career choice.
Social Development – As they near the end of adolescence
and begin to develop more confidence, it’s often the case that
their social circles begin to expand beyond the “cliques” that
were common during their middle adolescence.
 Early Adulthood
20 to 40 years of age
Physical Development – Usually the most productive life
stage. Physical development is basically complete. This is
the prime time for childbearing.
Intellectual Development – Formal education continues,
young adults may choose to marry and start families.
Emotional Development – May experience stress related
to careers, marriage, family.
Social Development – Development frequently involves
moving away from peers to association with coworkers and
mates. Young adults do not necessarily accept traditional
sex roles and adopt nontraditional roles. For example,
males may become nurses or secretaries, females may
take administrative or construction positions
 Middle Adulthood
40 to 65 years of age
Physical Development – changes begin to occur. Hair begins
to gray and thin, skin begins to wrinkle, hearing loss starts,
vision declines, and weight gain occurs.
Intellectual Development – mental ability can continue to
increase. This is a period when individuals understand life and
have learned to cope with many of its stresses.
Emotional Development – can be a period of contentment or
crisis. Emotional status varies depending on life changes
revolving around children growing up and leaving home, job
satisfaction, financial success, good health.
Social Development - The mid life restructures a person’s
social life as his parents become ill, he himself becomes a
parent or a grandparent and he has to fulfill multiple duties that
a middle aged person has to fulfill at work or at home give this
phase the name “sandwich generation.”
 Late Adulthood
65 years and older
Physical Development – Physical development are on
the decline. All body systems are affected. Skin becomes
dry, wrinkled, and thinner. Hair becomes thin and bones
become brittle and more likely to break. Muscle loses tone,
nervous system can cause intolerance to temperature
changes.
Intellectual Development – Mental abilities vary among
individuals. While some elderly people continue to learn,
others have mental declines that can affect short-term
memory. Many individuals can clearly rememer events that
occurred 20 years ago, but don’t remember yesterday’s
events. Diseases such as alzheimer’s disease can lead to
irreversible loss of memory, intellectual function, speech,
and disorientation.
 Late Adulthood
65 years and older
Emotional Development – Varies depending on
individual’s ability to cope. Some remain happy and enjoy
life, while others may become lonely, frustrated, depressed
and withdrawn.
Social Development – Late adulthood is a time in
people’s lives when they come to terms with their lives and
reevaluate what they have done or accomplished in the lieu
of what they still would like to accomplish for the remainder
of their lives.
Needs - in addition to those of all other life stages, the
elderly need a sense of belonging, self-esteem, financial
security, social acceptance, and love.
Piaget’s Theory of
Cognitive
Development
 Sensori-Motor Stage

We develop thru experiences and movement of our 5 senses. Our brain

wants to see, hear, smell, taste and touch as much as possible. First, we
start with simple reflexes and soon after we develop our first habits. From
4 months old, we become aware of things beyond our own body and then
as we get older we learn to do things intentionally. A key milestone is the
DEVELOPMENT OF WORKING MEMORY or in PIAGET’S TERM, OUR
REALIZATION OF OBJECT PERMANENCE.
 Pre-Operational Stage

Our thinking is mainly categorized thru symbolic functions and intuitive thoughts. We
have lots of fantasies and believe objects are alive. As we are not able to apply
specific cognitive operations, Piaget called this stage PRE-OPERATIONAL. We learn
to speak and understand that words, images, and gestures are symbol for something
else. At around age 4, most of us become very curious and ask many questions, we
want to know everything. We can call it the BIRTH OF PRIMITIVE REASONING,
Piaget calls it the INTUTIVE AGE because while we realize that we have a vast
amount of knowledge we have no idea how we acquire it.
 Concrete Operational Stage
We finally discover logic and we develop concrete cognitive operations
such as sorting objects in a certain order. One example of this is
INDUCTIVE REASONING which said that if we see someone eating
cookie we can draw a conclusion and then make a generalization and we
now get the concept of CONSERVATION. We understand that if we pour
orange juice from a normal glass to a taller one the amount stays the
same. Our brain helps to rearrange our thoughts to classify and build
concrete operational mental structures. We begin to understand that our
thoughts and feelings are unique and not necessarily those of others.
 Formal Operational Stage
Once we become teenagers, we become formally operational. We now have the ability to think
more rationally about abstract concepts and hypothetical events. Our advance cognitive abilities
allow us to understand abstract concepts such as success and failure, love and hate. We form a
deeper understanding about our own identity and our morality. We now also think that we
understand why people behave the way they do and as a result can become more
compassionate. Our brain can now do DEDUCTIVE REASONING, which means we can compare
two statements and reach a logical generalization. Our new mental skill allow us to plan our lives
systematically and prioritize, and we can make assumptions about events that have no necessary
relation to reality. We can now also philosophize and just think about thinking itself. Our new
sense for our identity now also creates egocentric thoughts and some start to see an imaginary
audience watching them all the time.
“Loving yourself is
not vanity. It is
SANITY!”   