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Penalties
RPC, art. 21-88
I.
CONSTITUTIONAL LIMITATIONS
I.
CONSTITUTIONAL LIMITATIONS
A.Nature
B.Content
CONSTITUTIONAL LIMITATIONS
• Nature
• 1. Ex post facto law and bill of attainder (3.22)
• 2. Due process (3.1)
• 3. No cruel and inhuman punishment (3.19)
CONSTITUTIONAL LIMITATIONS
• B. Content
• 1. Freedom of speech, expression, press,
assembly, petition government (3.4)
• 2. Freedom of Religion (3.5)
• 3. Liberty of abode (3.6)
• 4. Freedom of Association (3.8)
• 5. Freedom of Political beliefs (3.18)
• 6. No imprisonment for debt or poll tax (3.20)
STATUTORY LIMITATIONS
STATUTORY LIMITATIONS
• A. Revised Penal Code
• Art. 21. Penalties that may be imposed. — No
felony shall be punishable by any penalty not
prescribed by law prior to its commission.
• REVISED PENAL CODE
• Art. 22. Retroactive effect of penal laws. — Penal
Laws shall have a retroactive effect insofar as they
favor the persons guilty of a felony, who is not a
habitual criminal, as this term is defined in Rule 5 of
Article 62 of this Code, although at the time of the
publication of such laws a final sentence has been
pronounced and the convict is serving the same.
• B. Civil Code
• Principal Penalties
• Accessory Penalties
PENALTIES THAT MAY BE IMPOSED
Principal Penalties
• Capital punishment: Death.
• Afflictive penalties: Reclusion perpetua,
Reclusion temporal,
Perpetual/temporary absolute
disqualification,
Perpetual/temporary special
disqualification,
Prision mayor.
• Correctional penalties: Prision correccional,
Arresto mayor,
Suspension,
Destierro.
• Light penalties: Arresto menor,
Public censure.
PENALTIES THAT MAY BE IMPOSED
Principal Penalties
Penalties common to the three preceding
classes:
• Fine, and
• Bond to keep the peace.
PENALTIES THAT MAY BE IMPOSED
Accessory Penalties
• Perpetual or temporary absolute disqualification,
• Perpetual or temporary special disqualification,
• Suspension from public office, the right to vote
and be voted for, the profession or calling,
• Civil interdiction,
• Indemnification,
• Forfeiture or confiscation of instruments and
proceeds of the offense,
• Payment of costs.
ACCESSORY PENALTIES
• Death PAD/CI 30
• Reclusion Perpetua PAD/CI
• Reclusion Temporal PAD/CI
• Prision Mayor TAD/PSD-vote
• Prision Correccional S-POf/PSDVote
• Suspension
• Destierro
• Arresto Mayor S-Of/Suffrage
• Arresto Menor S-Of/Suffrage
Death penalty
• a. Const., art. III, sec. 19(1)
Principals 0 1 2
(Art. 46) (Art. 50) (Art. 51)
Accomplices 1 2 3
(Art. 52) (Art. 54) (Art. 56)
Accessories 2 3 4
(Art 53) (Art. 55) (Art. 57)
Homicide (249)
Consummated Frustrated Attempted
Principals RT PM PC
Accomplices PM PC AMa
Accomplices RT
Accessories PM
Degree of Participation
• 1. payment or performance
• 2. loss of the thing due
• 3. condonation or remission of the debt
• 4. confusion or merger of the rights of creditor
• and debtor
• 5. compensation
• 6. novation
END