GEED 10063 PURPOSIVE

COMMUNICATION

Prepared by:
Prof. Angelica E. Justiniano
 UNIT 1
 Communication Processes, principles
and Ethics
 Local and Global Communication in
Multicultural Settings
 Varieties and Registers of Spoken and
Written Language
Lesson I:
The
Communication
Process
The Communication Process
 Communication is defined as the
exchange of thoughts, ideas, concepts,
and views between or among two or more
people in various contexts. It is derived
from the Latin words con which means
“with”, minus which means “a business,”
communis which means “common,” and
communico which means “to confer” or “to
relate with one another” (Igoy et
al.,2014).
The Communication Process
Purposive Communication then is an
intentional communication that happens
within the bounds of specific contexts
(Magan, et.al,2018). Context refers to
the situation, environment, social
relationship and culture. It is important
to consider the context of
communication because it affects how
one sends and receives a message.
The Communication Process
Message
 This is the element which is
transmitted in the communication
process. It may be an idea, opinion,
feelings or attitude of the sender. It
is important that the sender makes
his message clear and concise so
that the receiver could understand
it.
The Communication Process
Channel
 The channel refers to the medium that the
sender uses to deliver the message. The
message may be delivered orally, written or
through actions. The sender should also be
skillful in choosing the appropriate channel he
will use in giving his message. The context must
be considered in deciding the best way of
communicating the message. When done orally
or written, the sender again, must have the
ability to use correct tone, mood and choice of
words depending on the context of the
communication process.
The Communication Process

Receiver
 The receiver is the listener in the
communication process. As a listener,
he is expected to analyze and
interpret the message properly. He
must then possess good listening and
comprehension skills. He needs to
focus and overcome interruptions in
the communication process.
The Communication Process
Feedback
 The feedback is the reaction or the
response of the receiver. The feedback
tells whether the communication is
successful or not. It also triggers
continuous communication between
the sender and the receiver. Once a
feedback is given, they can continue
the process until the ultimate goal of
communication is achieved.
The Communication Process
Noise
 Noise is the barrier to the communication.
It may be physical or non-physical. Physical
noise refers to the disruptions found in the
environment like people shouting, jeepneys
or tricycles passing by or music played
loudly. Non-physical noise refers to
language, culture and biases. A bias in the
communication process takes place when the
sender and the listener do not like each
other.
The Communication Process

Adjustment
 This is the action which the sender or the
receiver does when the message is not
understood due to a barrier. When the
environment is disturbed by a physical noise,
the sender or the receiver may find a place
where the surrounding is peaceful to make
the communication better. The sender and
the receiver must choose a language they
both understand to avoid language barrier.
The Communication Process
Context
 According to Megan et.al.(2018) context includes
settings or environment (family, school,
workplace, religious communities); social relations
(friends, husband and wife, parent and child,
colleagues/boss-subordinate in the office); scenes
which include place, time and occasion (business
meeting, job interview, social gathering – parties,
weddings, etc.); and culture (history, tradition,
beliefs, norms, values)
It is very important to consider the context in the
communication process because it affects the giving
and receiving of messages.
TYPES OF
COMMUNICATION
TYPES OF COMMUNICATION

Verbal Communication
 Verbal communication
maybe oral or written. It can be
affected through the mood and
volume of voice, intonation and
choice of words.
TYPES OF COMMUNICATION

Non-Verbal Communication
 Non-Verbal Communication can
be categorized in two ways: Those
that are produced through the body
(gestures, hand signals, posture,
facial expressions, tone of voice, eye
contact) and those that are
produced by the broad setting such
as time, space and silence.
ACTIVITY1
Choose one of the following
activities that you want to do.
(Typewritten) or (Handwritten-
then take a picture of it).

1. Write a four-line stanza

poem about what
communication is.
2. Write a four-line stanza
poem about verbal and non-
verbal communication.
LESSON II
COMMUNICATION
PRINCIPLES
 THE SEVEN C’s OF
COMMUNICATION

1. Clarity
 The message should be clear in
order for it to be understood. It is
the responsibility of the sender to
transmit a clear message by using
simple words, avoiding ambiguity
and by choosing a language which
the receiver uses.
 THE SEVEN C’s OF
COMMUNICATION
2. Completeness
 The speaker is required to provide
all necessary information in his
message so that he/she will also get
the desirable feedback. He/she
should not assume that the receiver
can already process the meaning of
his message even leaving out some
details.
 THE SEVEN C’s OF
COMMUNICATION
3. Correctness
 In order for the message to be understood
clearly, it should exhibit correctness.
Correctness refers to the use of proper
grammar, spelling, punctuations and other
mechanics in communication. A mistake in
these, may change the meaning of the
message. Correctness may also refer to the
use of proper tone and level of language.
Most of all, the sender should take sure that
he/she checks details and information to
avoid transmitting erroneous message.
 THE SEVEN C’s OF
COMMUNICATION

4. Conciseness
 Short, but complete messages
are preferable. The receiver of the
message may have other things to
do and may not have the time to
attend to lengthy messages. Go
direct to the message you want to
convey and avoid wordy
information.
 THE SEVEN C’s OF
COMMUNICATION

5. Concreteness
 Concreteness in communication means
being specific. Information to be transmitted
may contain facts and figures to be credible.
The sender and the receiver may also give
examples or illustrations of the message
they want to convey so that they can
understand each other better.
 THE SEVEN C’s OF
COMMUNICATION
6. Coherence
 A message becomes more
understandable if it is organized. It
is important that participants in the
communication process deal with
one topic after another. It is also
good if the message is arranged
from general to specific or vice
versa.
 THE SEVEN C’s OF
COMMUNICATION
7. Courtesy
 Courtesy is being polite. This
must be observed whatever the
context of communication is. It
is important that participants in
the communication process
maintain respect with one
another to achieve a peaceful
transaction.
ACTIVITY 2
Read a news article and explain
how the following principles were
achieved.
a. Clarity
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
______________________________________________
b. Completeness
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
______________________________________________
Read a news article and explain
how the following principles were
achieved.
c. Correctness
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
______________________________________________
d. Conciseness
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
______________________________________________
Read a news article and explain
how the following principles were
achieved.
e. Concreteness
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
______________________________________________
f. Coherence
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
______________________________________________
Read a news article and explain
how the following principles were
achieved.

g. Courtesy
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
______________________________________________
LESSON III
ETHICS IN
COMMUNICATION
ETHICS IN COMMUNICATION

Communication ethics is
following and maintaining the
moral standards in any form of
communication, be it
interpersonal, mass media,
digital communication and social
media.
Credo for Ethical
Communication
The National Communication
Association Legislative Council
approved in 1999 the NCA’s
“Credo for Ethical
Communication”. The Credo
reminds us that communication
ethics is applicable in different
contexts and channels of
communication.
 Credo for Ethical
Communication
1. Advocate truthfulness, accuracy, honesty and
reason as essential to the integrity of
communication.
2. Endorse freedom of expression, diversity of
perspective, and tolerance of dissent to achieve
the informed and responsible decision making to a
civil society.
3. Strive to understand and respect other
communicators before evaluating and responding
to their messages.
 Credo for Ethical
Communication
4. Promote access to communication resources and
opportunities as necessary to fulfill human potential
and contribute to the well-being of families,
communities and society.
5. Promote communication climates of caring and
mutual understanding that respect the unique needs
and characteristics of individual communicators.
6.Condemn communication that degrades individuals
and humanity through distortion, intimidation,
coercion and violence, and through the expression of
intolerance and hatred.
 Credo for Ethical
Communication
7. Commit to the courageous expression of
personal convictions in pursuit of fairness and
justice.
8. Advocate sharing information, opinions and
feelings when facing significant choices while
also respecting privacy and confidentiality.
9. Accept responsibility for the short- and
long- term consequences for our own
communications and expect the same of
others.
ASSIGNMENT NO.1
I. Work in groups and discuss
how ethics in communication
are violated in the following
situations:

1. Social media posts

2. Academic research
3. Classroom lectures and reports
4. Officers’ meetings
5. News reports
II. INDIVIDUAL:
Research and read the Copyright
Law of the Philippines and write
an essay focusing in three
situations where you have
violated the law. Include in your
essay some ways of avoiding
these violations. Write your essay
on a clean short bond paper.
LESSON IV:
Principle of
Cooperative
Conversation
Four Maxims of
Communication
Four Maxims of
Communication

maxims are the

“commandments” or “rules”
that participants should
follow to come up with a
good conversation.
Four Maxims of
Communication

1. Maxim of Quantity
(quantity of information).
This maxim requires the
participant to be as
informative as they possibly
can and give the most helpful
amount of information.
Four Maxims of
Communication

2. Maxim of Quality (quality of

information). This maxim
requires the communication to be
truthful and factual. The maxim
of quality requires information
provided in conversations to be
genuine and justified.
Four Maxims of
Communication

3. Maxim of Relation. This maxim

requires the communicator to be
relevant and to say things that
are pertinent to the conversation.
In joining a conversation,
participants cannot just begin in
a topic of their choice.
Four Maxims of
Communication

4. Maxim of Manner. This maxim

requires the communication to be as
clear, as brief, and as orderly as they
can in what one says, and where one
avoids obscurity and ambiguity. This
means that you have to put what they
say in the clearest, briefest and most
orderly manner.
ACTIVITY 3
A. Complete the following
conversation/dialogue. The kind
of maxim to be considered is
enclosed in parenthesis.
1. A: Mom, did you get my phone?
B:
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________
(maxim of quantity)
2. A: Sarah, have you prepared my report for
the meeting?
B:
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
______
(maxim of manner)
3. A: Please explain the reason of your
absences in my class.
B:
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
____
(maxim of quality)
4. A: Have you watched the performance of
the Top 10 Finalists in the Philippine Idol?
B:
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
_____
(maxim of relevance)
5. A: Update me of the latest
improvement of our project in Makati.
B:
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_____________________
(maxim of quantity)
B. Correct the following dialogue
considering the different maxims of
Cooperative Conversation in order to
come up with a better one.

1.
A: What did you have for breakfast?
B: I had some breakfast before my
PE class. The daily stretching is really
making a difference in my fitness.
B. Correct the following dialogue
considering the different maxims of
Cooperative Conversation in order to
come up with a better one.

2.
A: Did you watch the basketball
game last night?
B: Oh, the players are so
energetic. I was so excited to
cheer them.
B. Correct the following dialogue
considering the different maxims of
Cooperative Conversation in order to
come up with a better one.

3.
A: I had a wonderful vacation
last summer. I met our former
classmates in high school.
B: Did you not visit your
relatives?
B. Correct the following dialogue
considering the different maxims of
Cooperative Conversation in order to
come up with a better one.

4.
A: Where are you going
tonight?
B: Are you joining me?
B. Correct the following dialogue
considering the different maxims of
Cooperative Conversation in order to
come up with a better one.

5.
A: Are you going to submit all
your documents tomorrow?
B: Oh, the documents? Well, I
will be attending a conference for
three days so I will not be
around.
LESSON V:
Modes of
Communication
Words, Greetings, and
Expressions Used in Intercultural
Communication

 Words, greetings and expressions

are used based on culture and
context. When greeting people,
there are certain rules of behavior
and etiquette that need to be
observed. Hugs, kiss and handshake
are the usual form of greetings in
almost all parts of the world.
However, different countries differ
on how they do these.
Body Language Used in
Intercultural Communication

a. Eye Contact.
b. Hand signals.
Shaking hands.
A-OK sign.
Thumbs-Up.
Peace sign (V sign).
Pointing with the index finger.
Curling the index finger (dog call).
Body Language Used in
Intercultural Communication

c. Nodding the head. Nodding

the head generally means
agreement or approval. For the
Bulgarians, they have an unusual
manner of saying yes and no.
Nodding up and down signifies a
negative.
Body Language Used in
Intercultural Communication

d. Facial Expression. Facial

expressions convey a range of
emotions. It can explain a lot about
what is going on in the mind. When
we receive bad news, there is a
series of physical signals, reactions
happening in our bodies; our lips
compress, we clench our jaws,
nervously rub our necks, we squint
and lower our chin.
ACTIVITY 4
Pair Work. Have a research on the
meanings of the different body language
given below. Compare how each country
differs in the interpretation of each gesture.

1. Crossing legs in the United States and

Korea
2. Blinking between the North Americans
and Taiwanese
3. Direct eye contact in America and Japan
4. Nodding of the head in the Philippines and
Greece
5. Kissing in Europe and Saudi Arabia
LESSON VI:
Registers in
Language
The word “register” is a variety of
a language or a level of usage, as
determined by degree of
formality and choice of
vocabulary, pronunciation, and
syntax, according to the
communicative purpose, social
context, and social status of the
user.
Five Language Registers

Thus, the appropriate language

registers depend upon the audience
(who), the topic (what), purpose
(why) and location (where).
You must control the use of language
registers in order to enjoy success in
every aspect and situation you
encounter.
Five Language Registers

1. Static Register
 This style of communications
RARELY or NEVER changes. It is
“frozen” in time and content.

e.g. Panunumpa sa Watawat; the

Lord’s Prayer; the Preamble
Five Language Registers

2. Formal Register
 This language is used in formal settings
and is one-way in nature. The use of this
language usually follows a commonly
accepted format. It is usually impersonal
and formal. A common format for this
register are speeches.
e.g. sermons, rhetorical speeches,
pronouncements made by judges
Five Language Registers
3. Consultative Register
 This is a standard form of communication.
Users engage in a mutually accepted
structure of communication. It is formal,
and societal expectations accompany the
users of this speech. This is for
professional discourse.
e.g. when strangers meet, communications
between a superior, and a subordinate,
doctor and patient, lawyer and judge,
teacher and student, counselor and client.
Five Language Registers
4. Casual Register
 This is informal language used by peers
and friends. Slang, vulgarities and
colloquialisms are normal. This is “group”
language. One must be a member to
engage in this register.

e.g. buddies, teammates, chats, emails, and

blogs, and letter to friends
Five Language Registers

5. Intimate Register
 This communication is private. It is
reserved for close family members
or intimate people.

e.g. husband and wife, boyfriend and

girlfriend, siblings, parent and children
ACTIVITY 5
DIRECTIONS: Imagine yourself
being engaged in different
situations, hence, having to use
different registers in language.
Write a dialogue illustrating how
are you going to apply the
different registers in language:
Assume that you are Character
“A” in the dialog, and your
companion is character “B”.
 A. Static Register
A:
_______________________________________________
B:
_______________________________________________

A:
_______________________________________________
B:
_______________________________________________
 B. Formal Register
A:
_______________________________________________
B:
_______________________________________________

A:
_______________________________________________
B:
_______________________________________________
 C. Consultative Register
A:
_______________________________________________
B:
_______________________________________________

A:
_______________________________________________
B:
_______________________________________________
 D. Casual Register
A:
_______________________________________________
B:
_______________________________________________

A:
_______________________________________________
B:
_______________________________________________
 E. Informal Register
A:
_______________________________________________
B:
_______________________________________________

A:
_______________________________________________
B:
_______________________________________________
LESSON VII:
Varieties in
Language
 Geographical Dialect and
Sociolect
 Styles
 Register
 Speech levels
 Elaborated Code and Restricted
Code
 Lingua Franca: Pidgin and Creole
ASSIGNMENT
 Refer to yourself as a speaker of a
language or you research other
language varieties to fill-out the table
below.
Varieties of Language Characteristics Example

Geographical Dialect    

Sociolect    

Styles    

Speech levels    

Lingua Franca    

Pidgin    

Creole