V Frogs (%
sp., Ranidae) and toads ( sp.

,
Bufonidae)

V gailess, except during one stage in their

development

V g o types of respiration: cutaneous

respiration and bucco-pharyngeal respiration
V Únternal organs arranged the same ay as
those of the human body.

V {

 Údentify various organ-system of the frog
 Kno the various organ parts of each system
 Correlate structure-organ ith function
V Flattened head

V Elongated, slightly cylindrical body

V No neck or tail
V înout
 aouth
 Nostrils or external nares
V Eyes
 xpper and lo er eyelids
 Nictitating membrane
 Bro spot
V gympanic membrane or ear drum
V Jnus
V îacral hump
V Jnterior limbs (forelimbs)
 xpper arm
 Forearm
 Wrist
 Hand ith digits
V Ôosterior limbs (hindlimbs)
 ghigh
 îhank
 Jnkle
 Foot ith digits + eb
V Bones and cartiliges

V Functions
 Frame ork of the body
 îupports and protects organs
 Jttachments of muscles
V Ôrotects and encloses the brain

V Ôrotects sense organs (eyes, ears, nares,

tongue)

V Flat bone ith upper ja fused ith it

V ×-shaped bone

V Right and left half are of the same parts

V Jrticulates ith the skull at its posterior ends

V Cartiliginous basilingual plate lying on the
floor of the mouth cavity

V îupports the tongue

V Backbone

V îeries of bones or vertebra from the base of

the skull and the hole back
V îeries of bones in the breast and shoulder
region

V Firm support for the forelimb

V îeries of bones in the midventral portion of
chest

V Breast bone
V Responsible for the ability to locomote

V aovable articulating bones

V Jttached to the pectoral girdle

V Fusion of 6 bones

V Jrticulates ith the transverse process of

sacral vertebra at one end and ith femur at
opposite end
V Jlso for locomotion

V Composed of movable articulating bones

V Jttached to the pelvic girdle