CHAPTER 5 Sem 1 20182019 - Edited

Faculty of Civil & Environmental Engineering
NATURE CONSERVATION
BFC10102
CHAPTER 5
Responsibility in Maintaining
Environment
Chapter 5:
Responsibility in Maintaining Environment
1. Rules and regulations pertaining to nature

conservation
2. Nature Conservation: Political Issues and
Economic Issues
3. Environmental education / education for
sustainable development
4. Environmental ethics: Khalifah
Objectives of this Part
• To realize the responsibility of human as Khalifah
• To believe in Him
• To take care of His creation
1. Rules and regulations pertaining
to nature conservation
• Local, national and global legislation

• Status and impact
• Problems
• Examples
1.
1.Rules and regulations pertaining to
nature conservation.. Cont.
Local legislation (Malaysia)
• Sabah Biodiversity Enactment 2000

• A law for the regulation of biological
research on the natural resources
• i.e. a legal framework pertaining to the
conservation and sustainable utilization of
biodiversity of the State.
conservation.. Cont.
National legislation (Malaysia)
• The National Forest Policy 1978 (revised in 1992)
• Applicable to Peninsular Malaysia.
• Provides the classification of forests as protective,
productive and amenity forests.
• Provides guidelines for the management of remaining forest
resources.
• Forest harvesting is carried out in the production forest and
state land forest.
conservation.. Cont.
National legislation (Malaysia).. Cont.
• National Land Code 1965

• Makes provisions to set aside potential
protected areas as wildlife reserve or
national park.
1. Rules and regulations pertaining to
nature conservation.. Cont.
• National (Europe UK)
• Wild Bird Directive 1979
• to preserve the diversity of life - birds, other
animals, plants and their habitats - as value of its
own, and for our children and future generations.
• Benko (
http://www.birdlife.org/eu/EU_policy/Birds_Habitats_Di
rectives/index.html
)
conservation.. Cont
Global legislation / policy
• 2000 - IUCN Policy statement on Sustainable use of wild
living resources
• IUCN's stated vision is "a just world that values and conserves
nature".
• Its mission is to "influence, encourage and assist societies
throughout the world to conserve nature and to ensure that
any use of natural resources is equitable and ecologically
sustainable"
• to use wild resources in sustainable manner
2.2.Nature conservation: Political
Issues
• Local, national and global levels
• Political will in support of
conservation
• Impact to conservation
• Eg. : BBEC
Bornean Biodiversity and Ecosyste
m Conservation
• Eg. RAMSAR Convention (number
of RAMSAR sites?)
Examples
• BBEC : Bornean Biodiversity and Ecosystem
Conservation programme) –
• a trilateral coperation between Federal GOM
(UMS), Sabah State Gov and Japanese
International Coperation Agenci (JICA)
 to safe biodiversity and ecosystem of Sabah
 Phase 2002-2007 (I) 2007-2012 (II)
2. Nature conservation: Economic Issues
 Local, national and global levels
 Mechanisms available for funding conservation efforts
 Sustainability of conservation requires tangible benefits derived
from conservation – principle of conservation (rehabilitation,
protection & sustainable use)
 Status of biodiversity economy e.g. plants (food, timber, medicine,
oxygen supplier, C sink etc)
 Protected areas – eg Gn Mulu, Gn Kinabalu (tourism); Heart of
Borneo (Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei agree to conserve highlands
and mountains of Borneo –
2.Mechanism available for funding
• Do green economy to generate income include carbon
trading, tourism, Non-timber forest products)
• CSR (Corporate Social Responsibilities), goverment
(ministries of Natural Resources and The
Environment, MOSTI, KETTHA), World Bank (Global
Environmental facilities – GEF), Companies from
different countries eg New England (USA) Power
Company – give funding to Yayasan sabah to plant
trees in Danum Valley
• Definitions and Concept

• Why education is important in conservation?
• Involvement and Participation of local people in
conservation
• Examples
Definitions of EE:
"... the process of recognizing values and clarifying concepts
in order to develop skills and attitudes necessary to
understand and appreciate the interrelatedness among
men, his culture and his biophysical surroundings. EE also
entails practice in decision-making and self-formulation of a
code of behaviour about issues concerning environmental
quality.” International Union for the Conservation of
Nature (IUCN; 1971)
Definitions of EE…cont. :
“Environmental education is a learning process that
increases people's knowledge and awareness about the
environment and associated challenges, develops the
necessary skills and expertise to address the challenges,
and fosters attitudes, motivations, and commitments to
make informed decisions and take responsible action”
(UNESCO, Tbilisi Declaration, 1978).
Definitions of EE…cont. :
“Environmental education (EE) refers to organized efforts to
teach about how natural environments function and,
particularly, how human beings can manage their behavior
and ecosystems in order to live sustainably.”
(http://wikipedia.org)
Example of activities in Environmental Education
• Critique the profound effects of human activity on the planet
• Identify and apply environmental theories and policies across a broad
range of formal and non-formal settings, both locally and globally, such
as schools, cultural institutions, government agencies, and non- and for-
profit organizations
• Describe national and local models of environmental education, analyze
contemporary environmental issues, and implement environmental
education as an interdisciplinary tool in fostering environmental literacy
and sustainability
• Develop competencies in environmental education, including program
design, curriculum development, evaluation, grant writing, policy
analysis, and non-profit management
Examples of learning objectives for EE:
1. To change learners’ attitude towards the environment and nature
from “indifferent” to “very concerned”
2. To promote the understanding of the function of nature
3. To increase knowledge of the basic natural principles
4. To enhance holistic approaches in learning about environmental
condition and problems
5. To enhance multidisciplinary approaches about environmental
6. To enhance interdisciplinary approaches about environmental
Examples of learning objectives for EE (cont.):

7. To encourage problem-oriented methods of teaching and
learning
8. To encourage concrete projects in EE
9. To reveals man complete dependence on nature
10. To consider the role of our environment in society
Teaching methodologies & techniques for
EE:
1. Activity based learning / teaching
2. Field trips or excursions
3. Scientific experiments
4. Group investigation or group work
5. Problems solving
6. Discussion
7. Using resources for enquiry learning
8. Evaluation of EE programme
Teaching methodologies & techniques for EE:
• Activity based learning / teaching
– Activities deals with several senses – touch, smell,
vision, thinking – produce more effective results
• Field trips or excursions
– Bringing people out of classroom create sense of fun
and adventure, make people feel involved with nature
will results in deeper sense of achievement

• Scientific experiments
– When people do experiment they think and work hard and
become creative resulting in effective way to getting the
sense of importance to care for environment
• Group investigation or group work
– People like working to getting and feeling involved of
evaluation must be done

#Problems solving
When they do problem solving activity there is as sense
of achievement and they create feeling of satisfaction and
achievement
#Discussion
People like to tell what they know/feel and like to know
how people feels and what people know. Discussion gives
them this opportunity and they feel involved and
contributing .
Using resources for enquiry learning
 When they use natural resources then they understand

the usefulness/importance/values of the resources and
that create feeling of appreciation
 Evaluation of EE programme
To feel satisfied and have evident of achievement some
forms
sustainable development… cont.
Involvement and Participation of local people in conservation……

Many people of a great variety of cultures and land-use practices live
in or around tropical forests.
Although these people are all in some way dependent on forests, they
have little else in common.
In recent years, however, it has become much harder for forest-
dependent people to use local forests and their products, owing to
deforestation, logging, population pressure or legal initiatives such as
the declaration of state forests, national parks or wildlife reserves.
Involvement and Participation of local people in

conservation… cont.
In many countries, plans to protect forest ecosystems have
failed to address the needs and knowledge of local forest-
dependent communities (Anan 1996; Wily 1997; Tuxill &
Nabhan 1998; Kumar 2000).
Therefore, participation by local people is essential to
any conservation effort.
(http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/AC648E/ac648e0i.htm)
Involvement and Participation of local people
in conservation… cont.
• Questions on involvement & participation.
– Who will be affected by conservation activities?
– What are their interests?
– Who has a right to participate?
– How do different stakeholders affect the conservation area?
Involvement and Participation of local people in

conservation… cont.
• Example on involvements & participations
4. Environmental ethics : Khalifah
¤ A Khalifah will unite all lands and people and subjugate the
rest of the world.
¤ Man is the vicegerent of Allah on earth and he is not left
uncontrolled (without purpose).
¤ What is meant by the word vicegerent is to improve the
world for and on behalf of Allah, to rule people, to apply the
orders and recommendations of Allah among people,
animals and non-living things.
¤ Definition of Environmental Ethics:

A set of principles, values or norms related to how an
individual or a group of individuals interact with the
environment
Attitude of Malaysians towards the natural environment
has been influenced by a combination of traditional belief
and secular principles
In Malaysia the values are now established as legislation
Examples: (Global views)

1. Do not spend your capital but the interest
2. You are borrowing from the future generation
3. You are the steward
4. Do what you want others to do unto you
5. Environment can live without man but man
cannot live without the environment
The Earth is green and beautiful, and Allah has

appointed you his stewards over it. The whole
earth has been created a place of worship, pure
and clean. Whoever plants a tree and diligently
looks after it until it matures and bears fruit is
rewarded.
THE EARTH IS BORROWED TO US,
WOULD WE RETURN IT DAMAGED
AND USELESS??....
Heal The World

Make It A Better Place
For You And For Me
And The Entire Human Race
There Are People Dying
If You Care Enough
For The Living
Make A Better Place
For You And For Me

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Faculty of Civil & Environmental Engineering

1. Rules and regulations pertaining to nature

• Local, national and global legislation

• Sabah Biodiversity Enactment 2000

• National Land Code 1965

• Definitions and Concept

Examples of learning objectives for EE (cont.):

Teaching methodologies & techniques for EE:

Teaching methodologies & techniques for EE:

 When they use natural resources then they understand

Involvement and Participation of local people in conservation……

Involvement and Participation of local people in

Involvement and Participation of local people in

¤ Definition of Environmental Ethics:

Examples: (Global views)

The Earth is green and beautiful, and Allah has

Heal The World

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