Zinc Based Flexible Printed Batteries

Content
 Introduction
• Overview to battery
• Market scenario
• Theoretical characteristic comparison of zinc and lithium
 Literature Survey
• Challenges for rechargeable zinc batteries
• Attempts to overcome challenges
 Work Done
 Objective and way forward

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 Overview to Battery
• A battery convert stored chemical energy into electrical energy.
• It consists of two or more electrochemical cells.
• In a cell redox reactions at the two electrodes takes place.
• It contains Discharge
Electrodes
 Anode (Oxidation) Flow of electrons
 Cathode (Reduction) Electrolyte
Electrolyte C
Current collectors A a
n Cations t
o h
d
Anions o
e
d
e Figure 2: Applications of Batteries

Oxidation Reduction
Source: panasonic-batteries.com 3
Figure 1: Basic schematic of battery
 Market Share of Different Battery Systems
37% Lithium-ion
20% Lead acid, starter battery
15% Alkaline, primary
8%   Lead acid, stationary
6%   Zinc-based, primary
5%   Lead acid, deep-cycle
3%   Nickel-metal-hydride
3%   Lithium, primary
2%   Nickel-cadmium
1%   Other

Figure 3: Graph showing market share of different battery chemistries

Source: Frost & Sullivan, 2009 4

 Theoretical Energy Characteristics of Different Battery Systems
Electrode Molecular Weight Density Gravimetric
Material (g/mol) (g/cc) Capacity Density
(mAh/g)

Zinc 65.4 7.14 820

Silver 123.8 7.40 432
Oxide
LiCoO2 98.0 3.45 137
(Li)C6 72.1 2.25 370

Table 1: Physical Characteristics for Lithium-ion and Silver-Zinc

Figure 4: Comparison of energy densities and specific Battery Electrode Materials
energy of different rechargeable batteries. 

Handbook of Batteries, 4th edition, D. Linden and T. Reddy, McGraw-Hill, 2010.

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 Advantages of Zinc as Anode Material
Advantages of Zinc Electrodes
• Abundance
• Competitive cost
• Environment friendly
• High Capacity
• Relatively stable in aqueous electrolytes
• Easy to handle in oxygen and humid environment.
Y. Li and H. Dai, Chemical Society reviews, 42, 2014, 5257.

Applications of Zinc Battery system

• Missile power
• Underwater power for Torpedoes
• Hearing Aids
• Telecommunication
Figure 5: Graph indicating the number of publications per
A.P, Karpinski, B. Makovetski, S.J. Russell, J. Rserenyi and D.C. year on Zinc-Batteries.
Williams, Journal of Power Sources, 80, 1999, 53. Keywords: Zinc batteries Source: Web of Science 6
Thank you
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