Grammar

Making of rule or formula for sentences which we routinely speak in our

native tongue or any other foreign language..
 The titles which we will study in this
semester.

1. Noun ‫اسم‬
2. Pronouns ‫ضمیر‬
3. Adjectives‫صفت‬
4. Verbs‫فعل‬
5. Adverbs ‫قید‬
6. Tenses (present,continuous,past) ) ‫گذشته‬،‫جاری‬،
‫حال‬ ( ‫زمانها‬
 ‫‪Noun‬‬
‫برای نامیدن اشیا و اشخاصو مکانها استفاده میشود‬ ‫اسم کلمه ایست که‬

‫‪1.‬‬ ‫اسم عام ‪Common noun‬‬

‫‪2.‬‬ ‫اسم خاص ‪Proper noun‬‬
‫‪3.‬‬ ‫اسم قابل شمارش‪Countable noun‬‬
‫‪4.‬‬ ‫اسم غیر قابل شمارش‪Uncountable noun‬‬
 Common Nouns

Common nouns examples

‫اسم عام برای نامیدن اشیا معمول استفاده میشود‬ 1. paper
Common noun is used to nominate the
2. Books
common things
3. Car
5. pen
6. Bicycle
7. Teacher
8. School
9. University
10. Hair
 Proper nouns
‫اسام یخاص‬
Proper nouns is used to nominate the Examples
unique things like person and places 1. Mohammad PBUH
1. These names are unique. 2. Cristiana Ronaldo
3. Lional Messi
2. These names starts with capital 4. United states of America
letter in any parts of sentences.
5. Taj Mahal
6. Efal Tower
7. Shah Rukh Khan
8. Jawad
9. Karim
 Countable and Uncountable noun
‫امس ها یق ابلش امر وش غری ق ابلش امر ش‬
Countable N is words which can be singular plural
counted. chair chairs
1. Singular
2. Plural bottle bottles
student student
school schools

Note : We can add s or es or ies at the end of a singuler noun to change it to

plural
.‫ در اخیر اسم مفرد انرا به جمع تبدیل کرده میتوانیم‬s,es,ies ‫ ما توسط عالوه کردن‬: ‫نوت‬
singular plural
1 Most nouns s Book Books
2 S ,x ,z ,ch , sh es boss,box,dish,benc Bosses, boxes, dishes,
h benches
3 Y after ies Poppy, fly, sty, Poppies, flies, sties
consonant
NO Singular ‫مفـرد‬ Plural ‫جـمعـ‬

4 End by F Thief,Half,Calf, Thieves ,Halves ,calves ,

Leaf leaves
5 End by (ife) Wife , Knife Wives, knives

6 Same word in Sheep, Fish , Deer Sheep , Fish , Deer

sing , plural
7 Change Person , child, Man, People, children, men, women,
completely Woman, foot feet
the word
8 End by (O) Potato,Hero, echo Potatoes, heroes, echoes
 pronoun
1. Do you like president? I don’t like the president. The president is too
popous. The president is so lazy . The president don’t care of the youth
generation.

Do you like the president ? I don’t like him. He is too pompous . He

is so lazy . He doesn’t care of the youth generation

Pronoun is a word which is used insteat of a noun to avoid from

repeatation of noun in the sentences
‫ضمیر کلمه ایست که جاگزین اسم شده و از تکرار اسم در جمالت جلوگیری میکند‬
 Types of Pronoun
Personal pronoun
Sujective pronoun ‫جانشین فاعل‬
Objective pronoun ‫جانشین مفعول‬
Possessive Adjective‫صفاتملکی‬
singular
subjective Objective possessive
1st person I Me my ,mine
2nd person You you Your , yours
3rd person He she It Him .Her. It His ,her, hers, its
Plural
subjective Objective Possessive
we Us Our, ours,
you you Your, yours
they them Their, their
1. My name is David I am the youngest in the family
2. This is my father. He is a teacher
3. This is my mother . She is a lawyer. Subjective P

4. I have a brother and two sister.

5. They are Peter, Sharan and Jenny.

6. I am