CAPACITORS

AND
INDUCTORS
  Capacitors

 Stores energy in the form of electric

field.
 Opposes the rate of change of
THE WORKING OF voltage across it by drawing current through
CAPACITORS AND it.
INDUCTORS ARE
LIKE TWO SIDES OF
A COIN.  Inductors

 Stores energy in the form of

magnetic field.
 Opposes the rate of change of
current flowing through it by developing a
voltage across it.
CAPACITOR

 A capacitor is a passive element designed

to store energy in its electric field. 
 It consists of two conducting plates
separated by an insulator (or dielectric). 
 It is said to store electric charges.
STRUCTURE OF A CAPACITOR

 The most basic construction of a

capacitor consists of two parallel
conductors (usually metallic plates)
separated by a dielectric material.
 CAPACITANCE
 Capacitance is the ratio of the charge on one plate of a capacitor to the voltage difference between the two plates.​

 If the charges on the plates are +q and −q, and V gives the voltage between the plates, then the capacitance C is given
by
WORKING PRINCIPLE
OF A CAPACITOR
 When we connect a voltage source across the capacitor, the
conductor (capacitor plate) attached to the positive terminal of
the source becomes positively charged, and the conductor
(capacitor plate) connected to the negative terminal of the
source becomes negatively charged. Because of the presence
of dielectric in between the conductors, ideally, no charge can
migrate from one plate to other.
  After a certain time, the capacitor holds maximum amount of
charge. After removing this battery from this capacitor, these
two plates hold positive and negative charge for a certain
time. Thus this capacitor acts as a source
electrical energy.                                                        
WORKING
PRINCIPLE OF A
CAPACITOR

 If two ends (plate I and plate II) are

connected to a load, a current will
flow through this load from plate-I to
plate-II until all charges get vanished
from both plates. 
  

The basic equation of capacitor is:

Q = CV
By taking derivative on both sides of the equation we get
this:
CURRENT- =C
VOLTAGE The change of charge with the change of time means
RELATIONSHIP current. So means the current through the capacitor. So
we get the following I-V relationship:
I=C
Here we have I(current) in terms of (the rate of change
of the voltage).
CURRENT-
VOLTAGE
RELATIONSHIP
 

 From the I-V relationship we get that:

I=C
the graphical representation of this equation is:

It means that the current is proportional to the rate of change of the

voltage. Here C is the proportionality constant.
  

 We can also find an expression which

expresses V in terms of I. To get this
expression we have to integrate the previous
equation over time in limit of and t.
=C
 =
CURRENT-
 = CV
VOLTAGE
 V=
RELATIONSHIP
 V = + v(0).
It’s another capacitor I-V equation.
The constant of integration v(0) represents the
voltage of the capacitor at time t=0.
INDUCTORS

 An inductor, also called a coil, choke, or reactor, is a passive

two-terminal electrical component that stores energy in a
magnetic field when electric current flows through it

 It is used in power supplies, transformers, radios, TVs, radars,

and electric motors.
STRUCTURE OF  An inductor typically consists of an
insulated wire wound into a coil
around a core.

AN INDUCTOR  But in order to enhance the inductive

effect, a practical inductor is usually
formed into a cylindrical coil with many
turns of conducting wire.
  

 Inductance is the ability of an inductor to

store energy and it does this in the magnetic
field that is created by the flow of electrical
current.
 The term inductance was coined by Oliver
Heaviside in 1886.
 If current is allowed to pass through an
INDUCTANCE inductor, it is found that the voltage across
the inductor is directly proportional to the
time rate of change of the current. Using the
passive sign convention.
V=L
Here V = voltage, = current, t = time, L=
inductance. Here L is the constant of
proportionality.
 An inductor is a passive electronic
component which is capable of
storing electrical energy in the form
of magnetic energy. Basically, it
uses a conductor that is wound into
a coil, and when electricity flows
into the coil from the left to the
right, this will generate a magnetic
field in the clockwise direction.

WORKING PRINCIPLE OF AN
INDUCTOR
WORKING PRINCIPLE
OF AN INDUCTOR
 When current is about to flow to the inductor, the magnetic
field generated by that current cuts across the other windings,
giving rise to an induced voltage and thus preventing any
changes in the current level. If the current is about to rise
suddenly, an electromotive force is generated in the opposite
direction to the current--that is, in the direction in which the
current is reduced--thus preventing any increase in the current.
Conversely, if the current is about to drop, an electromotive
force is generated in the direction in which the current is
increased. These effects of the induced voltage are produced
even when the direction in which the current is flowing is
reversed. Before overcoming the induced voltage that is
attempting to block the current, the direction of the current is
reversed so that there is no flow of current.
CURRENT-
VOLTAGE
RELATIONSHIP
  the definition of inductance we get
 By
the equation:
V=L
Here we have V(voltage) in terms of (the
rate change of the current). The graph of
this - equation is:
  

 The inductor equation is: V = L

If we integrate the equation over time we have:

CURRENT- =

VOLTAGE 

RELATIONSHIP  = + (0),
It’s inductor I-V equation. The constant (0)
represents the current through the inductor at
time t=0.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
CAPACITOR AND INDUCTOR
  For an inductor:
 V=L
 This means a back emf voltage is produced when the current tries to change - that back emf
tries to oppose the change in current.
 For a capacitor:
 I=C
 This means that a current is produced when the voltage tries to change and that current tries to
oppose the change in voltage.
 prepared by:
 Shahriar Alam Alvi (2019831033)

 Abrar Masud Nafiz (2019831076)

THE END​
 Samiul Islam Mugdha (2019831048)

Work Flow:  We individually made the whole

presentation and later merged the best parts of each one
to form this one. Every member of the team has equal
contribution.