HISTORICAL

EVOLUTION OF
NURSING
RESEARCH
The word research means “to search again” or “to
examine carefully”.,
Research is systematic inquiry, or study to validate and
refine existing knowledge and develop new knowledge.
The ultimate goal of research is the development of a
body of knowledge for a discipline or profession such as
nursing
• Nursing research help the nurses in a variety of
settings answer question about patient care, education
and administration. Research ensures that the
practices are based on evidence rather than tradition.
• Nursing research can be done in education,
administration and patient in care.
• NEED OF RESEARCH IN NURSING
1. To maintain the professionalism , ie: professional dignity
2. To have autonomy in nursing.
3. To have accountability .
4. To develop critical thinking, creativity , and problem
solving technique.
5. To develop new technique of nursing intervention.
6. To evaluate the effectiveness of new nursing techniques.
7. To develop a scientific body of knowledge
8. To answer problem relating to health delivery and care
9. To determine areas of need relating to education, IPR and
patient
 Linda Richards became known as America’s first
1873
trained nurse.

Mary Eliza Mahoney became known as America’s

1879
first trained African-American nurse.

The Nightingale pledge was written and

1893
administered

1900 American Journal of Nursing was first published.

1901 United States Army Nurse Corps was established.

1902 First nurse practice acts were passed

1908 United States Navy Nurse Corps established.

CONTRIBUTION OF
NIGHTINGALE
Research in nursing began with Florence Nightingale. Her Notes on nursing
(1859) , describes her early interest in environmental factors thatpromote physical
and emotional wellbeing.
Nightingale‟s most widely known research contribution involved her analysis
of factors affecting soldier mortality and morbidity
during the Crimean war.
Based on her skilful analyses and presentations , she was successful in
effecting some changes in nursing care and more generally in public health
1900, Most studies focused on nursing
education like educational preparation and
clinical experience of nursing students
But limited basis to publish their studies,
though the American
journal of nursing has published on 1900‟s
Lack of research in nursing practice
1960, advances in nursing research
occurred„, .
International journal of nursing and Canadian
journal of nursing published in 1963
By the 1970s , number of nurse‟s conducted research studies.
journals were established in the united states in the 1970s,
advances in nursing sciences , research in nursing and health, and
the western journal of nursing research.
1970s , nursing research from areas such as teaching,
curriculum, and nurse‟s themselves to the improvement of client
care, practice.
Nursing research also expanded internationally. The journal of
advanced nursing , the premier international journal of nursing
research, began publication in the united kingdom in 1976.
availability of computers for the collection and the analysis of
information, and an ever growing recognition that research is an
integral part of professional nursing.
. the first volume of the Annual Review of Nursing Research was
published in 1983. These annual reviews include summaries of current
research evidence on selected areas of research practice and
encourage utilization of research findings
in 1986 of the National Centre for Nursing Research (NCNR)at the
National institute of health(NIH).
The purpose of NCNR was to promote and financially support
research projects and training relating to patient care.
In 1993, the National institute of Nursing Research (NINR) was born.
In 1986 ,the NCNR had a budget of 16$ million , whereas in fiscal
year 1999, the budget for NINR had grown to about $70 million
journals were established during the 1990s in response to the growth
in clinically oriented research and interest in EBP among nurses ,
including clinical nursing research ,clinical effectiveness, and outcomes
management for nursing practice
The priorities established by CORP in 1994included low birth weight ,
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, long-term care ,
symptom management ,nursing informatics, health promotion.
YEAR EVENTS

1871 School of nursing started in general hospital, madras

1908 TNAI established

1809 Bombay presidency association

1911 South Indian board of nursing association

1912 Nurses registration act was formed at madras

1930 Christian nurses auxiliary formed

1941 Standardized pay scales and terms of services formed in

madras
1946 Bhore committee submitted report with recommendation
of various aspects of nursing profession
YEAR EVENTS

1947 Indian nursing council act passed on 31-12-1947

1948 First meeting of Indian nursing council was held
1951 Establishment of urban field teaching centre is started
at college of nursing , Delhi
1952 Establishment of residential field teaching centre for
teaching community heath nursing at rural area under
delhi college of nursing
1953 Miss. Edith Buchannan ,sent for Columbia university to
earn doctorate in education through WHO felowiship
1955 Establishment of child guidance clinic, at college of
nursing
1955 Miss. Margareta attended ICN met on france and
presented the need of research in nursing
YEAR EVENT
S

195 Master of nursing programme was started on R.A.K

9 college of nursing
196 Mudhaliar committee established to make to improve
1 nursing profession
196 Dr. Mary furguson with other leaders conducted studies
4 on nursing and non nursing functions of nursing
personnel
196 TNAI established research studies under the
6 chairmanship of miss.margrata craig
197 Dr.marie farell and Dr. Aparna of R.A.K college of nursing
6 conducted seminars on nursing research to strength the
nursing research in india.
1977 – TNAI and Co-coordinating agency for health promotion –
Nursing Survey in india
197 Government nurse association of karnataka
YEAR EVENTS

1981 Dr.Farrel and Dr.Bhaduri‟s book on , „health research‟

published by W.H.O
1986 NRSI was established
1986 M.Phil programme on nursing was started on R.A.K
college of nursing
1988 R.A.K college of nursing was designated asworld
health collaboration centre for nursing
developments
1992 Phd. In nursing programme started at R.A.K CON
P.h.d at nimhans
2001 Nursing education furnished in an unprecedented
2002 onwards manner through out ondia
 RESEARCH PRIORITIES IN NURSING

 Epidemiological Studies
 Studies on the conditions of life and well-being
 An evaluation of health policies and health services
 Health promotion
 From the perspective of nursing as a profession
 From the perspective of the patient and his/her
family,
 BARRIERS
AND
FACILITATORS
OF NURSING
RESEARCH
UTILIZATION
ARE BARRIER
A
ORGANISATION S
 INSUFFICIENT AUTHORITY TO CHANGE PATIENT
CARE
 ADMN NOT ALLOWING IMPLIMENTATION
 INADEQUATE FACILITIES FOR IMPLIMENTATION

PRESENTATION AND  STATISTICAL ANALYSES ARE NOT

ACCESSIBILITY OF UNDERSTANDABLE
RESEARCH
 LITERATURE IS NOT COMPLIED AT ONE PLACE
 RESEARCH ARTICLE ARE NOT READILY AVAILABLE

CHARACTERISTICS LITERATURE REPORTS CONFLICTING RESULITS

OF INNOVATION
METHODOLOGICAL INADEQUACIES OF RESEARCH
RESEARCH REPORTS/ARTICLE ARE NOT PUBLISHED
FAST ENOUGH
 THE FACILITATORS OF NURSING RESEARCH
Increased administrative support and encouragement are needed

colleague support and time to review and implement research

findings.
 First and foremost is the creation of an environment in
which
nurses are comfortable
Questioning and evaluating current practice, seeking out
research based solutions to care problems, and testing them in
trials appropriately.
 Developing nurses‟ research skills through attendance at
conferences, continuing education, and in-service workshops.
 Importance of Nursing Research

Nurses ask questions aimed at gaining new knowledge to improve

patient care.

Research-based (evidence based) practice = integrating

research findings into clinical decision making
Accountability for care-related decisions; research expands
nursing practice
 Reinforce identity of nursing as a profession – knowing/
understanding pts. health care experience
,I have concluded that research in nursing practice has several
purposes:
a) to increase knowledge in the field, thus laying the basic foundations
for the practice of patient care,
b) to build up evidence for such practice;
c) to contribute to the attention of the population‟s need for
health, quality of life and wellbeing,
d) to guide efficiency in health and nursing services, ensuring
quality and cost-benefit,
e) to generate the knowledge that guides educational and regulatory
policies in the nursing profession
THANK
YOU