Presented By:

Shahan Akhtar
M.Sc. Fiber Tech.
2008-ag-52.U.A.F.
 OUT-LINE
 Basalt introduction
 Manufacturing process
 Key properties
 Application Examples
 Introduction
 known as a rock
 lava
Occurance
Basic minerals
Cheaper
Non-Toxic,
Non-Combustible
 Brief History

 First extrudement of filament.

 Authentic start of research.

 Golden era of 1960/70’s.

 Research eventually became successful.

 It is in Perestroika, the technology was

declassified.
Chemical composition basalt rock:

Chemical compound % weight of basalt

SiO2 51.58
Al2O3 15.48
FeO 9.43
CaO 8.50
MgO 5.10
Fe2O3 4.42
Na2O 2.10
TiO2 2.08
Chemical Name & Structure
 An overview of the basalt fiber
manufacturing process is:
 Stone crushing

 Loading and transportation

 Washed out with water & then dry

 Material is fed into furnace.

 Molten material flows into a fore-hearth.

 Cont.

Platinum alloy “bushing”.

A single strand(7-17μ).

A water-based sizing

Package forming.

The untwisted roving, twisted/plied into a yarn, or chopped to a

fixed length.
Manufacturing process
1) Crushed stone, 2)Loading station, 3) Transport system, 4)dry station, 5) Initial melt zone,
6) Secondary controlled heat zone, 7) Filament forming, 8) Sizing applicator, 9) Strand
formation, 10) Fiber tensioning, 11) Winding
Microscopic view of Basalt Fiber
 Properties

 High tensile strength (breaking strength)

 Low elongation at break

 High elastic modulus

 Density: 2.7 gram/cubic centimeter

 Low thermal conductivity

 High sound absorption coefficient

 Cont.
Low moisture absorption

High specific volume resistance

Radiation proof lead equivalent

Permanent flame retardant resistance

Extraordinary high softening temperature (point): >1200 Celsius

degree

Operating temperature range: from -260 to 760 Celsius degree

 Chemical properties
 Low water absorbency
 Good alkaline resistance
 Also acid and salt resistance

Chemical stability (loss weight after 3 hours boiled(%))

2N HCl 2.2

2N NaOH 6.0

H2O 0.2
 Comparative technical index between
basalt fibers & the other mineral fibers

Continuous
Properties E-Glass S-Glass Carbon Aramid
Basalt

Density (g/cm³) 2.63 - 2.8 2.54 - 2.57 2.54 1.78 1.45

Tensile
Strength 4100 - 4840 3100 - 3800 4020 - 4650 3500 - 6000 2900 - 3400
(MPa)

Elastic Modulus
93.1 - 110 72.5 - 75.5 83 - 86 230 - 600 70 - 140
(GPa)

Elongation at
3.1 4.7 5.3 1.5 - 2.0 2.8 - 3.6
break

Maximum
Service
750 380 300 500 250
Temperatur
e °C
Application of basalt
 Basalt Fiber 3-D Sandwich Fabric

 Basalt Fiber 3-D Sandwich Fabric

 high grade yacht.
 speed train.
 chemical tanks.
 wind turbine.
 core layers of the
 Radiation protection
 Architectural decoration.
 Heat preservation & sound
insulation.
 Basalt Fiber Sheet

 Reinforcement for
 The bridge
 tunnel structure
 The wood reinforced
structure
 beams, colums,
plates.
 Basalt Fiber Needled Felt
 Advanced air filtration system.

 Poisonous gas and dust filtration systems in

chemical industry

 Filtration, acoustic absorption, heat insulation

and vibration proofing system in electronic
industry.

 High temperature resistance, environmental

protection automobile mufflers.

 Heat insulation and acoustic absorption

system of vessels and ships.
 Basalt Fiber Sealing Ropes

 Furnace doors, cover board, success

opening, had the hole of the high temperature
pressure furnace.

 Applied in sealing material, which owing the

compressibility, the high elastic and the low
friction coefficient.

 Excellent properties of acid alkali resistance

in the parts connection or transforming
corrosion media.
 Basalt Geo grid

 They are made up of natural raw

material (natural chemical composition
provides chemical stability and
resistance).

 They are non inflammable and they can

carry out distributed load.

 The cost is 4-5 times lower than other

geo textile material.
 Conclusion
Basalt has excellent set of properties in
thermal, mechanical, chemical and
environmental. Due to low cost they can
easily replace many different applications
of carbon, asbestos, steel, glass fiber.