UNIT

UNIT 77 :: PRINCIPLES
PRINCIPLES OF
OF
INTEGRAL
INTEGRAL EVALUATION
EVALUATION

SUBTOPIC :

7.1 Integral by Parts

7.2 Integration Trigonometric Functions
7.3 Trigonometric Substitutions
7.4 Integrating Rational Functions by Partial
Fractions
7.1
7.1 Integration
Integration (By
(By Parts
Parts Technique)
Technique)

 u dv  uv   v du
We need to make a judicious choice of u and dv to
make the right-hand side of the integration by parts
rule becomes the one you know how to integrate
Lo – Logarithm
Try this……. LoPeti P – Polynomial
e – Exponential
t – Trigonometric
i – Inverse trigonometric
The integration by parts method

 udv  uv   vdu
A right choice of U and V :
i) Expression U is easy to differentiate
ii)Expression V is easy to integrate
Example 1
2 x  4
Find  3 xe dx
Solution

Set u = 3x and 2 x  4
dv  e dx
2 x  4
e
du  3dx v
2
Solution (Continue…)
Using formula of integration by parts,
we obtain
2 x  4
2 x  4 3 3e
 3 xe dx =  xe 2 x  4   dx
2 2

3  2 x  4 3  e 2 x  4 
c
=  xe 
2 2   2 

3 2 x  4 3 2 x  4
=  xe  e c
2 4
Example 2

4
Find  x ln xdx
Solution

Let u = lnx and 4

dv  x dx
du 1 x5
 v
dx x 5
Therefore…
Solution (Continue…)

4 x5 x5 1
 x ln xdx = ln x   . dx
5 5 x
5
x 1 4
= ln x   x dx
5 5
x5 x5
= ln x  c
5 25
Example 3

Determine  2 x ln(4 x  3)dx

Solution

Let u = ln (4x – 3) and dv  2 x

dx
du 4 2x 2
 and v  x2
dx 4 x  3 2
Then…
Solution (Continue…)
Therefore
2 42
 2 x ln( 4 x  3) dx = x ln( 4 x  3)   .
x dx
4x  3
2
2 4 x
= x ln(4 x  3)   dx
2 4x  3
4x
To evaluate  dx
4x  3
we can either use integration by substitution
or change it into a proper fraction first
(Using long division).
4x2 3 94
 dx   x   dx
4x  3 4 4x  3
Solution (Continue…)
4x 2 3 9 4
 dx =  x  dx
4x  3 4 4x  3
Therefore
 2 x ln(4 x  3)dx
2 1 9
= x ln(4 x  3)   4 x  3  dx
4 4x  3
1  4 x 2
9 ln( 4 x  3) 
= x ln(4 x  3)   c
2
 3x 
4 2 4 

2
2 x 3x 9
= x ln(4 x  3)    ln(4 x  3)  c
2 4 16
Example 4
Example 5
2 x
Find  x e dx
Solution

Set u = x2 and dv  e x dx
du  2 xdx and v = ex
Using formula, we have
2 x 2 x x
 x e dx = x e   2 xe dx
Solution (Continue…)
x
We find  xe dx by parts.

Again setting
u = xe and x
dv  e dx
and
du  dx ve x

therefore
x x x
 xe dx = xe   e dx
Solution (Continue…)
Consequently,

2 x
 x e dx = x 2 e x   2 xe x dx

= x 2 x
e  2 xex
 x
 dx
e 
2 x x x
= x e  2 xe  2e  c
Example 6

 dx
Evaluate x
x 3
Solution
Let u=x and dv  3 x dx
3x
Then du  dx and v 
ln 3
Substitution in formula, yields
x x
3 3
 dx  x ln 3   ln 3 dx
x
x 3
x3 x 3x
  2
c
ln 3 (ln 3)
1.3
1.3 Integration
Integration (By
(By Parts
Parts Technique)
Technique)

Example 7

Find  2  x 2  e x dx
Solution :
dv
Set u=2+x 2
and  ex
dx
du and
 2x x
dx ve
Using formula, we have
 2  x 2  e x dx = 2  x 2  e x   2 xe x dx
Solution (Continue…)
x
We find  xe dx by parts.
Again setting
dv
u=x and  ex
dx
du
1 and v = ex
dx
therefore
x
 dx
xe = xe x   e x dx
Solution (Continue…)
Consequently,

 2  x
2
 e dx
x
= 2  x2  e x   2 xe x dx
= 2  x2  e x  2 xe x   e xdx
= 2  x  e
2 x x x
 2 xe  2e  c
2 x x x
= x e  2 xe  4e  c
Exercise 1

Find the integrals below

2x 2x
2x xe e
a)  xe dx  C
AA 2 4
x NN 3x  1 
b)  x3 dx SS x
ln 3 
C
ln 3 
W
W
2 4
c)  x x  1 dx EE 3 5
x( x  1)  ( x  1) 2  C
2

RR 3 15
SS x2 x2
d)  x ln x dx 2
ln x 
4
C