Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Systems
Case – 10 + 5 %
Quiz – 20%
Term Project – 15%
Mid Term – 20%
End Term – 30%
Discussion Points?
Why study information systems?
Why information systems?
Information systems, business and globalization.
What is an IS, its management, organization, and technology
components.
Various types of IS
Role of IS at various levels of management.
Integration of business processes and information systems.
IS applications and organizational performance.
• Globalization
• Transformation of Industrial Economies
• Transformation of the Business Enterprise
• Emergence of the Digital Firm
• Globalization
• Management and Control in a global marketplace
• Competition in world markets
• Global work-groups and delivery systems
• Internet has drastically reduced costs of operating on
global scale
• Transformation of Industrial Economy
• Knowledge & Information based economies
• New products and services; Time based competition
• Shorter Product Life and Turbulent Environment
1.8 © 2010 by Prentice Hall
The Role of Information Systems in Business Today
– Operational excellence
– New products, services, and business models
– Customer and supplier intimacy
– Improved decision making
– Competitive advantage
– Survival
• Operational excellence:
– Improvement of efficiency to attain higher profitability
– Information systems, technology an important tool in
achieving greater efficiency and productivity
• Wal-Mart’s RetailLink system links suppliers to stores for
superior replenishment system
• Competitive advantage
– Delivering better performance
– Charging less for superior products
– Responding to customers and suppliers in real time
– Example: Toyota and TPS (Toyota Production
System) enjoy a considerable advantage over
competitors – information systems are critical to the
implementation of TPS
• Survival
– Information technologies as necessity of
business
– May be:
• Industry-level changes, e.g. Citibank’s introduction
of ATMs
• Governmental regulations requiring record-keeping
Buying and selling Visit the bookstore Visit web site for
text book publishers and retailers
Registering for Walk around campus to Access campus web site
classes Departments, Registrar’s office,
etc.
Photography Buy film, use camera, take Use digital camera
picture, take it for processing
Paying for Gasoline Fill up your car, go inside, pay Insert credit card, receive
cash or credit card authorization, fill gas
Paying the Pay cash, metal tokens Metro cards electronic
Transportation cards
Paying for goods Visit store, take the item, pay , Use self – service kiosks
go
Figure 1-2
1.22 © 2010 by Prentice Hall
What is a System?
FEEDBACK
• Data Resources
– Facts about the business transactions
– Processed and organized information
– Databases of organized data
• Network Resources
– Communications media
– Network infrastructure: hardware and software
– The Internet, intranets and extranets
Raw data from a supermarket checkout counter can be processed and organized to produce
meaningful information, such as the total unit sales of dish detergent or the total sales
revenue from dish detergent for a specific store or sales territory.
Figure 1-3
1.31 © 2010 by Prentice Hall
Data versus Information
• Data – raw facts
– Intel stock price – $32.375
– Temperature – 75° F.
• Information – facts within a given context
– Intel stock price after the 2-1 stock split yesterday
settled at $32.375/share – now you know the number
of shares and their value
– The temperature at midnight in Times Square, NYC
was 75° F – NYC winter heat wave still continues
Formal Systems
Fixed definitions of data procedures
Collecting, Storing, Processing,
Disseminating, Using Data.
CBIS are much more than just
computers
• Factors:
– Adopting the right business model
– Investing in complementary assets (organizational
and management capital)
OPERATIONAL
OPERATIONAL LEVEL
SALES & MANUFACTURING FINANCE ACCOUNTING HUMAN
MANAGERS
MARKETING RESOURCES
1.41 © 2010 by Prentice Hall
Types of Information System
A Payroll TPS
A TPS for payroll
processing captures
employee payment
transaction data (such
as a time card). System
outputs include online
and hard-copy reports
for management and
employee paychecks.
Figure 2-2
• OPERATIONAL LEVEL
• INPUTS: TRANSACTIONS, EVENTS
• PROCESSING: UPDATING
• OUTPUTS: DETAILED REPORTS
• USERS: OPERATIONS PERSONNEL
EXAMPLE: ACCOUNTS PAYABLE
• Management Level
• Inputs: High Volume Data
• Processing: Simple Models
• Outputs: Summary Reports
• Users: Middle Managers
• Structured & Semi-Structured Decisions
• Report Control Oriented
• Past & Present Data
• Internal Orientation
• Lengthy Design Process
• Example: Annual Budgeting
•
•
Fulfilling a customer order involves a complex set of steps that requires the close
Figure 2-1
• Strategic Level
• Inputs: Aggregate Data
• Processing: Interactive
• Outputs: Projections
• Users: Senior Managers and Top Level Management
• Designed To The Individual
• Ties CEO To All Levels
• Very Expensive To Keep Up
• Extensive Support Staff
• Example: 5 Year Operating Plan
MIS DSS
KWS
TPS
OAS