Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
at
IEEE
Conference
EMBESSY 2001
By
Shinto Joseph
Managing Director
Orane Technologies Pvt Ltd
Bangalore
Paradigm Shift in Embedded World
5% INDL.ENGG
5%
COMPUTER/
7% PERIPHERALS
AEROSPACE
36%
GOVT-DEFENCE
9% Consumer Electronics
Automotive/Transport
ation
7% Medical quipments
Electronic Equipment-
8% ATE
10%
F Very High
U
N All
All Software
Software Externally
Externally
C “Intelligent” Developed
Developed
T
High
I
O
N
A “Smart”
L Medium
I
T In-house
In-house
“Dumb” All
All Internally
Internally Development
Development
Y Developed
Developed Threshold
Threshold
Low
1990 2000
Slide1
Equipment Functionality • Unlimited functions
• Virtual connectivity
“Expert” (Future)
• Voice responsive
F Very High • Deterministic control of elements
• Virtual equipment
U • Best of Breed functions
N • Delivered as needed
• High availability
C “Intelligent”
• Highly connected
T • Voice recognition
High
I • Open standard components
• Deterministic control
O • High GUI interaction
N • Win32 focus
• Limited connectivity
A “Smart” • GUI available
L Medium
• Real-time available
I • Proprietary architecture
T “Dumb”
• Firmware solution
Y • Standalone
Low • Single function
• No connectivity
• Low end processors
1990 2000
Slide2
Operating System Usage in Equipment
“Expert” (Future)
F Very High
U
N
C “Intelligent”
T High
Windows
Windows
I
O
N “Smart”
A
L Medium Proprietary
RTOS
I
T “Dumb” Home
Y
Low
None
1990 2000
Slide3
Operating Systems
Equipment
High Windows CE
F
U
N
C
T
I
O
N
A
L
I
Devices
T
Y
Windows NT / 2000
Low
Retail Value increasing >>>>
Slide4
Windows® NT Embedded Features
• Headless Support
– Operate without keyboard, mouse, or display
• ROM Boot Support
– Operate from Flash, ROM or CD-ROM
– Hard Disk support also provided
– Operate without a Paging File
• Remote Management
– Enhanced support for network, serial connected devices
– Remote Administration with Net-Meeting (also- Telnet &
command prompt)
– Error Recovery Enhanced support for error-reporting
• Automatic handling of error dialogs
• Global logging dialogs and message boxes
Slide5
Windows® NT Embedded Tools
• Target Designer
– Define and generate custom runtime targets
Ranges…
Slide6
Typical Target Designer Options
Automatic Logons
Applications
Network Protocols
HAL Selections
Mouse Options
OS Features
Slide7
Win CE
Slide8
Features of WIN CE
• WIN32 API subset and • Componentization
file formats (Modular)
• Processor Portability • Internationalization
(RISC and X86) (Unicode)
• Single 32-bit Virtual • Communications (TCP/IP,
Address Space IrDA)
• Preemptive Multithreaded • Graphical User Interface
Multitasked Optional
• Transactioned Object • Installable File System
Store Database Optional
• Execute-In-Place or • Integrated Development
Demand Paged Environment
• Unobtrusive Power • Horizontal and Vertical
Management Platforms
Slide9
Windows® NT and Real-time
Windows® NT was not designed for real-time
• Typical latencies
– 32 ISR levels - 5 s to 300+ s
– DPC - 8 s to 5000+ s
– 32 thread priorities - 21 s to 5000+ s (+ paging)
• Low-level I/O requires kernel level programming
& MS Device Driver Kit (DDK)
– non-Win32 and difficult to debug
• Complex interrupt management - ISR queues a
DPC, which in turn schedules a thread
Slide10
RTX Technology
The Real-Time eXtension for Windows NT that enables
Deterministic Processing without a Coprocessor
RTX.DLL
Win32
Subsystem
Windows NT
Kernel and
Device Drivers RTX - RTSS (Real-time Subsystem)
Slide11
Latencies under Load on Intel® Pentium®
III processor 700 MHz
Operation Windows* Window* RTX 4.4
NT* 4.0 CE* 3.0
SetEvent (no switch) 1.0 / 5000+ 1.7 / 8.2+ 0.3 / 5.7
Event 1.4 / 5000+ 2.8 / 12.2+ 0.9 / 8.3
Mutex 1.5 / 5000+ 4.0 / 12.0+ 1.0 / 8.5
Semaphore 1.4 / 5000+ 3.3 / 10.7+ 0.9 / 8.3
Yield 1.2 / 5000+ 1.5 / 9.5+ 0.4 / 6.8
Priority Change 1.3 / 5000+ 1.6 / 10.2+ 0.7 / 7.3
IST Latency 6.7 / 5000+ 6.7 / 26+ 4.0 / 24
NOTES:
1) Maximum values include the overhead of 3 s
from timer interrupts.
2) NT adoes not priority promote the thread owning
contested mutex.
3) CE results from light GUI load only – networking
load adds 100+ µs latencies.
Slide12
For Further Information Please Visit :-
www.oranetech.com
or
Mail me at shinto@oranetech.com