IGCSE GEOGRAPHY COURSE BREAKDOWN

Presented
PresentedBy:
By:Ms.
Ms.Romila
Romila
 SUBJECT CONTENT

THEME 1 THEME 2 THEME 3

POPULATION NATURAL DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
THEME 1 POPULATION & SETTLEMENT

Population Industrialization
Dynamics Settlements

Urbanization
Migration
THEME 2 THE NATURAL DEVELOPMENT

Rivers Coasts
Plate Tectonics

Weather &
Climate Ecosystem
THEME 3 THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

Food Production Tourism Development Energy

Environmental Risk Of
Industry Water Economic Development
 IGCSE GEOGRAPHY_THEME ONE

Population
PopulationDynamics
Dynamics
Migration
Migration
Settlements
Settlements
Urbanization
Urbanization
Industrialization
Industrialization
POPULATION DYNAMICS

World's Population Data

POPULATION DYNAMICS
POPULATION DYNAMICS
 POPULATION

The total number of persons inhabiting a country, city, or any district or an area.

 We celebrate World Population Day On 11th July Every Year

 The total world population is estimated at 7.8 billion.

 The population, however is not evenly distributed all around the world

Some places have large concentration of people, while some are sparsely
populated. The manner in which people are spread in the world across the
continent is known as population distribution
POPULATION DENSITY
The number of people in one
The number of people in one
square kilometer area of land is
square kilometer area of land is
called
called
Density Of Population
Density Of Population

Population Density-Calculation
Population Density-Calculation
Total Population/Total Land Area
Total Population/Total Land Area
 POPULATION DENSED
Many People living in a small area

Factors
FactorsResponsible
Responsible
Levelled
LevelledLand
Land
Fertile
FertileSoil
Soil
Good
GoodTransport
TransportNetwork
Network
Agricultural
AgriculturalDevelopment
Development
 POPULATION SPARSED
Few People living in a large area

Equatorial Regions Ice-Capped Polar Regions Hot & Cold Deserts

Amazon& Zaire Basins Antarctica, Tundra & High Sahara, Kalahari,

Mountainous Regions such as Atacama & West
Himalayas, Rockies & Andes Australian Regions

High Temperatures, Rugged Terrain and Cold Scanty Rainfall

Heavy Rainfall, Swampy Climate
Grounds & Dense
Forests
POPULATION- OVER & UNDER
Case Studies Canada & Tanzania
Over population: It is a condition
where the human population
exceeds the carrying capacity of
the region
China, India, Pakistan,
Bangladesh, Nigeria, Uganda,
Ethiopia and the Democratic
Republic Of Congo
Under population: It is a condition
where the population of a particular
region too small to fully utilize the
available resources
Canada, Iceland, Romania,
Bulgaria, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia,
Georgia
 OVERPOPULATION-IMPACT

Depletion of Resources

Unemployment

Growth of slums and unhygienic living conditions

Increased cost of living

Global Warming

Loss of Biodiversity
 UNDERPOPULATION-IMPACT

Negative Impact Positive Impact

Insufficient Skilled Labor Better Job Opportunities

Poor Utilization of Resources Reduced Pollution Levels

Poor Economic Growth Sufficient Resource Availability

Raised Standard of Living

Poor Standard of Living
WHERE DO PEOPLE LIVE AND WHY?

Population Distribution & Density

Population Distribution & Density

Factors
Factors • Physical Factors
• Physical Factors
Affecting
Affecting
• Economic Factors
• Economic Factors
• Political Factors
Population
Populationofof • Political Factors
• Social Factors
aaRegion
Region
• Social Factors
 PHYSICAL FACTORS
Physical Factors Density Density
Topography-Flat & Levelled Lands of Plains High
High and Rough Terrain (Mountain OR Plateau) Low
Climatic Conditions- Moderate Climate & Adequate Rainfall High
Extremes of Climate (Polar OR Desert Region) Low
Natural Vegetation- Dense Forest Low
Arable Land High
Type of Soil- Alluvial High
Type of Soil- Sandy Low
Water Resources High
Mineral Resources-Coal, Iron, Aluminum, Mica, Limestone, Silver, Gold High
 HUMAN FACTORS
Human Factors High Density
Political Factors Countries with Stable Government tend to
high density of population e.g. Singapore
Economic Factors Development of Industries and better
Transport Facilities provide good
employment opportunities which attract
large no. of people
Social Factors Groups of People want to live closer for
security related issues e.g. USA
Low Density
Unstable countries tend to have
lower densities of population as
people migrate e.g. Afghanistan
Limited Job opportunities cause
some areas to be sparsely populated
Some Groups of people prefer to
live in isolation e.g. Scandinavians
 GROWTH OF POPULATION
DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION

Growth in Population
Growth in Population
refers to the change in
refers to the change in
Migration the number of NaturalGrowth
Growth
Migration the number of Natural
population of a
population of a
particular area.
particular area.
 NATURAL GROWTH

TheDifference
The DifferenceBetween
Between Natural Growth= Birth Rate-Death Rate/100
Natural Growth= Birth Rate-Death Rate/100
thebirth
the birthrate
rateand
anddeath
death The Annual Growth Rate of Population is
The Annual Growth Rate of Population is
expressed in % age
rateisiscalled
rate calledNatural
Natural expressed in % age
Growth.
Growth.
 NATURAL GROWTH
When It Increases And Decreases
• Birth Rate- It is the number of live births per thousand person in a year

• Death Rate- It is the number of deaths per thousand in a year

• Life Expectancy – The average number of years a person at birth can expect to live

• Natural Increase - An increase in a country's population because birth-rates are higher

than death-rates.
•
Natural Decrease - A decrease in a country's population because death-rates are higher
than birth-rates
 NATURAL GROWTH

Developed Countries Developing Countries

USA, UK, Canada, Australia, India, Bangladesh, Malaysia, High

Low Growth Brazil, Mexico, Egypt, Growth
Japan, Russia, New Zealand,
Rate
Sweden, Switzerland, Singapore Kenya, Ethiopia , Tanzania Rate

Low Birth rate Improved

AND Advanced High Birth Low Death
Medical
Educated Medical
Low Death Citizens Rate Rate
Facilities Facilities
rate
 MIGRATION
• Migration- Movement of people from one place to another on a large scale. It
can be either inside or outside a country
• Emigration- Movement of people out of a country. It reduces the number of
population
• Immigration- Movement of people into a country. It increase the population

Population also increases when the number of people migrating into a country
exceeds the number of people migrating out.
People generally migrate from less developed nations to the more developed
ones in search of better career opportunities
Within a country, a large number of people migrate from rural to urban areas
 POPULATION COMPOSITION

It is the Structure of Population. It is directly proportional to its growth and

development. It has FOUR things

Rural-Urban
AGE SEX Literacy
Divide
 AGE COMPOSITION

Working Or Productive Population

Children Adults Aged

(0-14) Years (15-64) Years 65 Years and above

Dependent Population
 SEX RATIO

 It is the ratio between Males and Females in the total population.

 It is defined as the number of Females per thousand Males

 Generally in developed countries like North America and Europe the sex ratio
is in favor of Females. This means that in these countries number of females is
more than males

 On the other hand in developing countries of Asia the sex ratio is unfavorable
for the Females
 RURAL-URBAN DIVIDE

 Rural population comprises the people living in villages, While the people
living in cities constitute the urban population

 Today around 60% of the world population is urban while 40% is rural

 Developed countries have higher percentage of urban population and lower

percentage of rural population

 Developing countries have higher percentage of rural population and lower

percentage of urban population
 LITERACY LEVEL

 The economic development of a region depends upon the literacy level of

the population

Literacy level refers to the ability to read, write, speak with understanding

Generally literacy levels are high in developed countries while low in

developing ones
 POPULATION PYRAMIDS

 A Population Pyramid is also called AGE-SEX pyramid. It is a graphical

representation of Human Population
 It shows the distribution of males and females of different age groups in a
particular country
In a population pyramid the total population is divided into different age
groups
Further the percentage of the total population in each of those groups is
subdivided into males and females
The figures are then plotted graphically
 POPULATION PYRAMIDS

 The shape of the population pyramid indicates the condition of the

population of that country
It tells us about the number of dependent in a country and the number of
working or economically active people
It also reflects the birth rates and death rates of the population
The population pyramid of a country with a broad base shows high birth rate
 A pyramid with less broad base shows that the birth rate is low
A pyramid which is narrow and tapering at the top shows high death rates
and one which is not narrow shows low death rates
YOUTUBE TIME!

Understanding Population Pyramid

Deadliest Pandemics in the history of the world

Deadliest Disasters of the world

POPULATION PYRAMIDS-STAGES
POPULATION TRANSITION MODEL
 SNAP RECAP

Population- Definition, Its Distribution and Density

Overpopulation & Underpopulation- Definition and Their Impact
Factors Influencing population of a region- Physical, Human Factors
Demographic Transition/ Change in Population-Natural Growth rate and
Migration
Calculation of Natural growth rate of population
Migration- Emigration & Immigration
Composition of Population- Age, Sex, Rural-Urban Divide and Literacy
Population Pyramid- Definition and the FOUR stages
 ASSIGNMENT

Pronatalist: France
Anti-natalist: China
• Define pro-natalist and anti-natalist
• Brief overview of the history of population in the country.
• What is the policy and how does it work?
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of the policy? 
• What has it achieved (where is the country now in relation to population growth)
World’s Population
Population Pyramid
THANK YOU