Welcome

• Telecom industry
• Architecture
• Cell Planning
• Modes of Ue
• Call flow in GSM
• GPRS EDGE

• What is radiation?
 GSM Reference Model
G
VLR of
OMC VLR Other
MSCs

B D
BSS

BSC+ AuC
MS BTS MSC HLR
U A.. Xcdr A C

E E F

OTHER OTHER EIR

MSCs NETWORKS
 GSM Network Actual

Pool of MSCs

Ue BSC+
BTS MGW
Xcdr

SGSN GGSN
 GSM Radio Air Interface-Um
BAND UPLINK  DOWNLINK
(MHZ) (MHZ)

900 890.0 - 915.0 935.0 - 960.0

1800 1710.0 - 1785.0 1805.0 - 1880.0

GMSK modulation
• resilient to noise
• Radiation outside the accepted bandwidth is lower
• It has a constant power level which allows higher efficiency RF power amplifiers

GSM frequency –ARFCN

• channel bandwidth -200KHz
• Each channel has 8 timeslots (TDMA)
• ARFCNs
• BCH ( BCCH,SDCCH,TCH,PDCH etc)
• TCH
 General Scheme of a BTS
Txn Node

RF
E1 DUPLEX
DAC converte PA
Processor UR
r

RX
ADC process
or
GSM Cell Planning
GSM- NETWORK STRUCTURE

GSM
CELL
Service

Location Area Area

MSC Area

PLMN Area
Kollam
BSC
24/25
Nortel
Punalur BSC
107 HW
Kollam BSC
106 HW
 User Equipment Status
1. Idle mode Static
2. Idle mode moving
3. Dedicated mode static
4. Dedicated mode moving

Cell reselection

Handover
1. Hard handover (hard handoff)
2. Soft handover (soft handoff)
3. Softer handover (softer handoff)
Types of GSM handover
1. Intra-BTS handover:  
2. Inter-BTS Intra BSC handover:  
3. Inter-BSC handover:  
4. Inter-MSC handover:  
GSM Call flow
GPRS :General Packet Radio Service
-8 to 115 kbps
EDGE(Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution) or
EGPRS(Enhanced GPRS).
Radiation & Frequency
 Radiation & Frequency

Mobile tower power

- 20W @ 50m Ht
Mobile Phone power
- 0.8 to 2W @ 1 cm
Mobile tower power- 20W

0.2 W
10m

0.05 W
20m

0.02 W
30m

0.0125 W
40m

2W
50m
0.008W
0.000001mW