LE G A L ,E T H IC A L A N D

SOCIAL I S S U ES I N
ME D IA A N D
INFOR M A T IO N
LESSON 7
FAIR USE GUIDELINES:

• IN MOST GENERAL SENSE, A FAIR USE IS ANY COPYING OF COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL DONE FOR A LIMITED
AND “TRANSFORMATIVE” PURPOSE, SUCH AS TO COMMENT UPON CRITICIZE, OR PARODY A
COPYRIGHTED WORK. SUCH USES CAN BE DORTE WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM THE COPYRIGHT OWNER.
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY

• INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY IS CATEGORY OF PROPERTY THAT INCLUDES INTANGIBLE CREATIONS OF THE

HUMAN INTELLECT. THERE ARE MANY TYPES OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND SOME COUNTRIES
RECOGNIZE MORE THAN OTHERS. THE MOST WELL KNOWN TYPES ARE
COPYRIGHTS,PATENTS,TRADEMARKS, AND TRADE SECRETS
COPYRIGHT

• REFERS TO THE LEGAL RIGHT OF THE OWNER OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY. IN SIMPLER TERMS,
COPYRIGHT IS THE RIGHT TO COPY. THIS MEANS THAT THE ORIGINAL CREATORS OF PRODUCTS AND
ANYONE THEY GIVE AUTHORIZATION TO ARE THE ONLY ONES WITH THE EXCLUSIVE RIGHT TO REPRODUCE
THE WORK.
PATENT
• IS A FORM OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY THAT GIVES ITS OWNER THE LEGAL RIGHT TO EXCLUDE OTHERS
FROM MAKING, USING, SELLING AND IMPORTING AN INVENTION FOR A LIMITED PERIOD OF YEARS, IN
EXCHANGE FOR PUBLISHING AN ENABLING PUBLIC DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION. IN MOST COUNTRIES
PATENT RIGHTS FALL UNDER CIVIL LAW AND THE PATENT HOLDER NEEDS TO SUE SOMEONE INFRINGING
THE PATENT IN ORDER TO ENFORCE HIS OR HER RIGHTS. IN SOME INDUSTRIES PATENTS ARE AN
ESSENTIAL FORM OF COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE; IN OTHERS THEY ARE IRRELEVANT.[1]:17
TRADEMARK
• IS A TYPE OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY CONSISTING OF A RECOGNIZABLE SIGN, DESIGN, OR EXPRESSION
WHICH IDENTIFIES PRODUCTS OR SERVICES OF A PARTICULAR SOURCE FROM THOSE OF OTHERS,[2][3]
ALTHOUGH TRADEMARKS USED TO IDENTIFY SERVICES ARE USUALLY CALLED SERVICE MARKS.[4][5] THE
TRADEMARK OWNER CAN BE AN INDIVIDUAL, BUSINESS ORGANIZATION, OR ANY LEGAL ENTITY. A
TRADEMARK MAY BE LOCATED ON A PACKAGE, A LABEL, A VOUCHER, OR ON THE PRODUCT ITSELF. FOR
THE SAKE OF CORPORATE IDENTITY, TRADEMARKS ARE OFTEN DISPLAYED ON COMPANY BUILDINGS. IT IS
LEGALLY RECOGNIZED AS A TYPE OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY.
PLAGIARISM

• PLAGIARISM IS THE “WRONGFUL APPROPRIATION” AND “STEALING AND PUBLICATION” OF ANOTHER

AUTHOR’S “LANGUAGE, THOUGHTS, IDEAS, OR EXPRESSIONS” AND THE REPRESENTATION OF THEM AS
ONE’S OWN ORIGINAL WORK. PLAGIARISM IS CONSIDERED ACADEMIC DISHONESTY AND A BREACH OF
JOURNALISTIC ETHICS
NETIQUETTE

• ONLINE ETIQUETTE IS INGRAINED INTO CULTURE, ALTHOUGH ETIQUETTE IN TECHNOLOGY IS A FAIRLY

RECENT CONCEPT. THE RULES OF ETIQUETTE THAT APPLY WHEN COMMUNICATING OVER THE INTERNET
OR SOCIAL NETWORKS OR DEVICES ARE DIFFERENT FROM THOSE APPLIED WHEN COMMUNICATING IN
PERSON OR BY AUDIO OR VIDEOPHONE.
DIGITAL DIVIDE

• A DIGITAL DIVIDE IS ANY UNEVEN DISTRIBUTION IN THE ACCESS TO, USE OF, OR IMPACT OF
INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES (ICT) BETWEEN ANY NUMBER OF DISTINCT
GROUPS. THESE GROUPS MAY BE DEFINED BASED ON SOCIAL, GEOGRAPHICAL, OR GEOPOLITICAL
CRITERIA, OR OTHERWISE.
VIRTUAL SELF

• A VIRTUAL SELF IS A VIRTUAL CONCEPT OF SELF IN PHILOSOPHY, SOCIOLOGY AND ARTIFICIAL

INTELLIGENCE.