CERAMIC

INDUSTRIES OF
PAKISTAN
Presented to: Dr. Muhammad Akram
Presented by: Mubeen Zafa
2017-2341 (morning)
INTRODUCTION
 The word ceramic is derived from the Greek
word (keramikos). The term covers non-
metallic materials whose formation is due to
the action of heat. Up until the 1950s or so,
the most important of these were the
traditional clays, made into pottery, bricks,
tiles and are like, along with cements and
glass.
IMPORTANCE

 Before late 1980’s use of tiles was mainly

concentrated with the elite of the
society, The elite and general public used
“Ceramic Tiles” in their toilets as well as
in flooring, which were considered as a
sign of prominence.
CON…
 The enduring beauty of ceramics is part of
Pakistan’s historical and architectural heritage
from the time of the Mughal era.
 Due to the durability in all weather & extreme
climatic conditions, ceramic tiles are used for
exterior finishes.
 Their totally water resistant & acid immunity
properties make these tiles for laboratories,
kitchens & bathrooms.
GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE
 World exports of Ceramic products were
US $ 10.8 Billion in 2000. USA was the
largest importer in 2000 with 19% of
global imports while Germany was second
with 11% share.

 After the advent of marble the ceramic

industry was sustaining losses but it
regained its ability due to the low cost as
compared to the marble.
CERAMIC PROCESSING
Ceramic undergoes through certain processes
which are:
 Raw material
 Slip Preparation & Glaze Making
 Casting & Drying
 Glazing
 Firing
 Inspection, Repairing, Re-firing &
Packing
 RAW MATERIAL
 The traditional ceramics industry is largely
based on various combinations of clay
minerals, feldspar, and silica.
 The mineral raw materials used in the
ceramic industry are mainly inorganic,
nonmetallic, crystalline solids formed by
complex geologic processes.
 Clays have the ability to form clay-water
composition and to maintain their shape and
strength during drying and firing
SLIP PREPARATION & GLAZE
MAKING

 For the slip preparation the raw materials

are mixed up with water as per the
requirement. Proper composition along with
the sufficient amount of water then gets
loaded to the ball mills for grinding.
CASTING & DRYING

 Slip is cast into plaster moulds. Due to the

absorption of water the surface becomes
thick with time.

 All products need to be dried to a low water

content to increase the strength of body,
which is called drying.
GLAZING
 There are many glazing methods such as
spraying glaze, dipping glaze, pouring glaze,
brushing glaze etc.
 The method of spraying glaze is mostly used
due to the large volume and complicated
shapes.
 This process is executed on the conveying
belt.
FIRING
 These sprayed clay wares are then taken to
the kiln for firing. As a result the bodies will
take place a series of physical and chemical
reactions, and will take a fixed shape.

 There are 3 zones in the firing process i.e.

 Preheating Zone
 Heating Zone
 Cooling Zone
INSPECTION, REPAIRING, RE-
FIRING & PACKING

 Finished products are determined according to

stipulated standards to select passed products &
un-passed parts by repairing & re-firing.
 Passed products are carefully packed and sent.
CERAMICS UNITS

 The regions where ceramics production is

engaged are:
 Gujranwala
 Kamoke
 Nowshera Virkan
 Wazirabad
PRODUCT LINE
 Ceramic Tiles
 Tableware
 Sanitary ware
 Refractories
 Electric Insulators
PAKISTAN EXPORTS & IMPORTS
(1999-00)
( $ MILLION)

Products Exports Imports

Tiles N/A 1294
Tableware 0.44 3.11
Sanitaryware 0.205 0.228
Insulators 1.68 3.72
Refractories 0.04 4.06
PAKISTAN VS CHINA
 Pakistan have 6 companies, whereas China
have 2500.

 10,000 m/day production is considered to be

the largest producer in Pakistan , whereas in
China 50,000 m/day is considered to be
larger.
WTO IMPACT
 Duties are low, decrease from 60 to 20%.
 Due to WTO, import is high in Pakistan,
specially from China and Iran, because they
give subsidies to their exporters.
SWOT ANALYSIS
 Strengths
 Abundance of low cost labor
 Extensive supplier industry
 Strong linkages with other key regional
clusters
SWOT ANALYSIS (CONT.)
 Weaknesses
 Non availability of processed raw materials
 High cost of utilities (gas & electricity)
 Low R&D for product innovation
 Use of traditional techniques & technology
SWOT ANALYSIS (CONT.)
 Opportunities
 Rising domestic demand
 Large export potential in Middle East, Africa
and Central Asia
 Facilitate supply chain collaboration
SWOT ANALYSIS (CONT.)
 Threats
 Low priced import from China
 Changing consumer preferences
 Large surplus capacities in the
international markets
 Increasing regulatory pressures
 Smuggling from China and Iran
PROBLEMS:

 High gas and electricity charges

 Inconsistency of policies
 Unskilled labour
 High cost of capital
 Lack of incentives for exports
 Cheap imports from neighboring countries
 Subsidies given to the exporters of that
country by their government
 Reduction in duties as per WTO
SUGGESTIONS:

 Consistency of policies
 Cost of utilities should be decreased
 Smuggling from Iran & China should be
stopped.
 BOI shall bring FDI into this industry.