‫‪Lecture No.

: 1‬‬ ‫المحاضرة األولى‬

‫‪1‬‬
 Why we study
structural dynamics?

‫لماذا ندرس ديناميكا المنشآت ؟‬

2
 Loads ‫األحمال‬

Static Loads Dynamic Loads

‫أحمال ثابتة‬ ‫أحمال متغيرة‬

3
Static Loads ‫أحمال ثابتة‬
Dead Loads ‫االحمال الدائمة‬

covering

Slab weight

4
‫‪Static Loads‬‬ ‫أحمال ثابتة‬
‫االحمال الحية ‪Live Loads‬‬

‫‪5‬‬
‫‪Static Loads‬‬ ‫أحمال ثابتة‬

‫أحمال المياه ‪water load‬‬

‫‪6‬‬
Dynamic Loads ‫أحمال متغيرة‬

Earthquakes ‫الزالزل‬

Explosions ‫النفجارات‬-‫ا‬

Wind ‫الرياح‬

7
 Damage
due to
Earthquakes
8
Buildings ‫المباني‬

9
Buildings ‫المباني‬

10
Buildings ‫المباني‬

11
‫‪Bridges‬‬ ‫الكباري (الجسور)‬

‫‪12‬‬
‫‪Bridges‬‬ ‫الكباري (الجسور)‬

‫‪13‬‬
‫‪Bridges‬‬ ‫الكباري (الجسور)‬

‫‪14‬‬
‫‪Bridges‬‬ ‫الكباري (الجسور)‬

‫‪15‬‬
Roads ‫الطرق‬

16
 Damage
due to
Explosions
17
18
19
 Damage
due to
Wind
20
21
22
 Objectives
of
Study

23
‫أهداف الدراسة‬
Objectives of study ‫أهداف الدراسة‬
• How to model the structure
‫• كيف يتم عمل نموذج للمنشأ‬
• What is the behaviour of
structures under dynamic loads
‫• ما هو سلوك المنشآت تحت تأثير األحمال المتغيرة‬
• How to protect structures from
damage due to dynamic loads
‫• كيف يمكن حماية المنشآت من األضرار الناجمة عن‬
24
‫األحمال المتغيرة‬
 Modeling
Of
Structures

25
‫نمذجة المنشآت‬
 Remember !
‫درجات الحرية‬
Degrees of Freedom (DOF)

Ux, Uy, Uz

x, y, z
26
 In Plane
Structures :

27
 In Structural
Dynamics :
• Due to horizontal forces only

28
 In Structural
Dynamics :
• Due to horizontally rigid slab

29
 Single Story Structure

Single Degree of Freedom

Structure SDOF
30
Two Stories Structure

Multi Degree of Freedom

31 Structure MDOF
 Single
Story
Structure
Single Degree of Freedom

SDOF
Structure
32
33
 Equation Of Motion
Inertial Force

Fαa

F=ma
34
m : the object mass
 Equation Of Motion
Stiffness Force

Fαx

F=kx
35
k : the spring stiffness
 Equation Of Motion
Damping Force

Fαv

F=cv
36
c : the object damping
 Equation Of Motion
Fapplied = Finertial + Fdamping + Fstiffness

F = ma + cv + kx
.
v=x
..
a=x
.. .
F = mx + cx + kx

37
 Equation Of Motion

.. .
m x+c x+k x = F

38
 Calculation of
structure parameters
.. .
m x+c x+k x = F
Calculation of structure mass
Weight
=m
g
Ex . : ts=20cm
RC=2.5t/m3
Weight = 5x6x0.2x2.5 5m

= 15 ton
6m
15
=m t/m.sec2 1.5 =
39
10
 Calculation of
structure parameters
.. .
m x+c x+k x = F
Calculation of structure stiffness
d =1
FK  1
F K

40
Remember !
Degrees of Freedom (DOF)

Ux, Uy, Uz x, y, z

Translational Rotational

Axial Shear Bending Torsional

(Membrane) (Flexural)
41
  
6EI 
B h2

A 6EI 
h2
42
  1=
6EI
6EI  h2 12EI
h2
h3

6EI  6EI
h2 12EI
h2
h3
43
 12EI
K=
h h3

44
 

6EI 
h2
B 6EI 
h2

3EI 
A 6EI 
3EI  h2
h2 h2
45
  1=

3EI
h3

3EI  3EI
h2 3EI
h2
h3
46
 3 EI
K=
h h3

47
 K=0
h

48
 Calculation of structure stiffness
1 1
Δ Δ

49
Procedure

B C

A D

R= K
B C

A D
50
Example :
C
B Ib
h Ic Ic
A D
L


B C

A D

51
 FEM :
B C

B C
Ib
h Ic Ic A D
A D
L

6EIc  6EI 
MF = - h2
h2
6EIc 6EI 
MF = - Mo-= h2
h 2

52
 RS :
C
B Ib
KAB : KBC h Ic Ic
Ic 3 x Ib
: A D
h 2 L L
a1 : a2
Ic 3Ib
a1= a2=
DF : h 2L
DFBA : DFBC
a1 a2
a1+a2 : a1+a2
53
 A B

a1 a2
DF a1+a2 a1+a2
FEM - Mo -Mo 0
a1 a2
Mo
DM 0 a1+a2 Mo a1+a2
COM 1 a1 0 0
a1+a2 Mo
2
DM 0 0 0
MFinal a1 a2
Mo ( -1) Mo
a1 a1+a2 a1+a2
Mo ( 1 -1)
54 a1+a2
 A B

MFinal a1 a2
Mo ( -1) Mo
a1 a1+a2 a 1 +a 2
Mo ( 1 -1)
a +a
2 1 2

a1 a1
=MABMo ( 1 a +a -1)= - Mo (1- 1
a +a
)
2 1 2 2 1 2
a1+2a2
=- Mo 2(a +a )
1 2
a1 a1
=MBAMo ( a +a -1)=- Mo (1- a1+a2
)
1 2
a2
=- Mo a +a
55 1 2
 a2
Mo
a1+a2
Mo a1+4a2
h 2(a1+a2)

Mo a1+4a2
h 2(a1+a2)
a1+2a2
Mo
2(a1+a2)
56
 Mo a1+4a2 Mo a1+4a2
h 2(a1+a2) h 2(a1+a2)

Mo a1+4a2 Mo a1+4a2
h 2(a1+a2) h 2(a1+a2)
h

57
 Mo a1+4a2 Mo a1+4a2
h 2(a1+a2) h 2(a1+a2)

Fx = 0
Mo a1+4a2
R=
h a1+a2

58
 Mo a1+4a2
R=
h a1+a2
6EIc Ic 3Ib
Mo= a1= a2=
h2 h 2L
6EIc Ic +4 3Ib L
h 2 h 2L Ic
R=
h Ic 3Ib L
+ 2L Ic
h

6EIc L I b
+6 Ib L
h 2 h Ic = =
R= Ic h
h L 3Ib
+ 2 Ic
h
6EIc  +6 
R=
h3 + 3 
59 2
  +6 
R = 6EIc
h3 + 3 
2

12EIc  +6  Ib L
K= = =
h3 2 + 3  Ic h

 +6 
K = r EIc r = 12
h3 2 + 3 

60
  +6 
K = r EIc r = 12
h3 2 + 3 
Ib L
= =
Ic h

61
 EIc  +6 
K= r r = 12
h3 2 + 3 
Ib L
= =
Ic h
Ib << Ic
≈ 0 Very weak girder (flexible)

r=6

K = 6 EIc
h3

62
h
K= 6 EIc
h3

3 EI
K=
63
h 3
 EIc  +6 
K= r r = 12
h3 2 + 3 
Ib L
= =
Ic h
Ib >> Ic
≈ ∞ Very rigid girder (stiff)

r=24

K = 24 3EIc
h

64
 h

K = 24 3EIc
h

12EI
K=
h3
65
 3 EI
K=∑
h3

12EI
K=∑
h3

66
 3 EI
K=∑
h3

K=0

67
Example 1 :
B 2I C

6 I I
A D
18
EI = 3600 t/m2 

B C

A D

68
 FEM : B 2I C

6 I I
EI = 3600 t/m2 A D
18
6EIc
MF = -
h2
6x3600 6EI x
MF = - h2
62
6EI x1
MF = - 600 h2

69
 RS : B 2I C

KAB : KBC 6 I I
1 3 x 2
: A D
6 2 18 18

1 : 1
DF :
DFBA : DFBC
0.5 : 0.5
70
 A B

0.5 0.5
DF
FEM - 600 - 600 0

DM 0 300 300
COM 150 0 0

DM 0 0 0
MFinal - 450 - 300 300
71
 300
750
= 125
6

750
= 125
6
450

72
 125 125

125 125

Fx = 0
R = 250
K = 250 t/m
73
 Or using formula :
B 2I C
 +6 
K = r EIc r = 12 6 I I
h3 2 + 3 
Ib L A
= = D
Ic h 18
2I 18
= = 2 = =3
I 6
3+6x2
r = 12 = 15
2x3+3x2

K= 15 3600 = 250 t/m

6 3

74
Exercise :
Calculate the stiffness of the shown frame
as a formula
C
B Ib
h Ic Ic
A D

75
 Calculation of
structure parameters
.. .
m x+c x+k x = F
Sources of damping

Friction ‫االحتكاك‬

Connections ‫الوصالت‬

76
 Equation Of Motion
.. .
m x+c x+k x = F
Damping (C)

C≈0 C>0
Undamped Damped
Structure Structure
77
 Equation Of Motion
.. .
m x+c x+k x = F
Force (F)

F=0 F≠0
Free vibration Forced
motion motion
78
 Free vibration motion

79
 Free vibration motion :
Undamped Structure

Damped Structure

Forced motion :
Undamped Structure

Damped Structure
80
 Summary

81
Summary
Modeling of Structures ‫نمذجة المنشآت‬
Single Story Structure

Single Degree of Freedom

Structure SDOF
82
Summary
Modeling of Structures ‫نمذجة المنشآت‬
Two Stories Structure

Multi Degree of Freedom

Structure
83 MDOF
Summary
Equation Of Motion of SDOF

.. .
m x+c x+k x = F

84
Summary
Equation Of Motion of SDOF
.. .
F = m x+c x+k x
Calculation of structure parameters
Calculation of structure mass
Weight
=m
g

85
Summary
Equation Of Motion of SDOF
.. .
F = m x+c x+k x
Calculation of structure parameters
Calculation of structure stiffness


B C

A D
86
 Equation Of Motion
.. .
m x+c x+k x = F
Damping (C)

C≈0 C>0
Undamped Damped
Structure Structure
87
 Equation Of Motion
.. .
m x+c x+k x = F
Force (F)

F=0 F≠0
Free vibration Forced
motion motion
88
 Questions
89