‫‪Lecture No.

: 7‬‬ ‫المحاضرة السابعة‬

‫‪1‬‬
Remember
Modeling of Structures ‫نمذجة المنشآت‬
Single Story Structure

Single Degree of Freedom

Structure SDOF
2
Remember
Modeling of Structures ‫نمذجة المنشآت‬
Two Stories Structure

Multi Degree of Freedom

Structure
3 MDOF
Remember
Equation Of Motion
.. .
m x+c x+k x = F

4
Remember
Equation Of Motion of SDOF
.. .
m x+c x+k x = F
Calculation of structure parameters
Calculation of structure mass
Weight
=m
g

5
Remember
Equation Of Motion of SDOF
.. .
m x+c x+k x = F
Calculation of structure parameters
Calculation of structure stiffness


B C

A D
6
Remember
Equation Of Motion
.. .
m x+c x+k x = F
Damping (C)

C≈0 C>0
Undamped Damped
Structure Structure
7
Remember
Equation Of Motion
.. .
m x+c x+k x = F
Force (F)

F=0 F≠0
Free vibration Forced
motion motion
8
Remember

Free vibration motion :

Undamped Structure

Damped Structure

Forced motion :
Undamped Structure

9
Damped Structure
Remember
Free vibration motion of
Undamped Structure
Equation Of Motion ..
m x+k x = 0
2
 vo 
x  x  
2
o
 Sin (n t  )
 n 
v  x o n  2
 v Cos (n t  )
2
o

k x o n
n2 = tan  
10
m vo
Remember
2
 vo 
x  x  
2
o
 Sin (n t  )
 n 
Amplitude Frequency Shift
2
 vo 
x max  x  
2
o

 n  xon
x o n 
tan   vo
11
vo
Remember
Free vibration motion of
damped Structure
Equation Of Motion
.. .
m x+c x+k x = 0
Underdamped system <1
  n t
xe Sin ( D t  )
2
 v o   n x o  xo D
  x  
2
 tan  
o
 D  v o   n x o
k
 D  n 1   2
 n =
2
12 m
Remember
  n t
v   n e Sin ( D t    1 )
1  2
tan 1 

For Free vibration test of Damped Structure
 xi  1  x1 
  ln   Or   ln
x 
x
 i 1  j  j1 
2

4 2  2


Or approximately 
13
2
Remember
Forced motion
Forces

Ideal Force General Force

Sinusoidal

14
Remember
Forced motion of Undamped
Structure under excitation of
ideal force
xo=0 & vo=0
Fo 1  ex 
x  Sin (ex t ) 
2 
Sin (n t ) 
k 1   ex n   n 

15
Remember
ex = n Resonance ‫الرنين‬
1 Fo
x  n t Cos(n t )  Sin(n t )
2 k
x/xst

16 t /Tn
Remember
xmax/xst

ex /n
17
Remember
Forced motion of damped
Structure under excitation of
ideal force
x = x h + xp
transient
xe   n t
 c1 Cos ( D t )  c 2 Sin ( D t )
 c 3 Sin(ex t )  c 4 Cos(ex t ) Steady
state
18
Remember Total response
Steady state response

19
Remember
ex = n Resonance ‫الرنين‬
xmax/xst

20 ex /n
21
 Multi
Story
Structure
Multi Degree of Freedom

MDOF
Structure
22
Modeling
x4
m4 F4
F4
k4 x3
m3 F3
F3
m2 k3 x2
F2 F2
k2 x1
m1 F1
F1
k1

23
1st Floor x2 x4
k2 F4
F1 x1 x3
.. k1
F3
 F = m1 x1
x2
K2 (x2-x1) F2
m1
F1 x1
K1 x1 F1 x1
..
m1x1 = F1 – k1x1+k2(x2-x1)
..
m1x1+ k1x1 - k2(x2-x1) = F1
..
m1x1+ (k1+k2)x1 - k2x2 = F1
24
2 nd
Floor x3 x4
F4
k3
x2 x3
F2 .. F3
 F = m 2 x2 k 2
x1 x2
K3 (x3-x2) F2
m2
F2 x2
F1 x1
K2 (x2-x1)
..
m2x2 = F2 – k2(x2-x1) +k3(x3-x2)
..
m2x2+ k2(x2-x1) – k3(x3-x2) = F2
..
m2x2-k2x1+ (k2+k3)x2 – k3x3 = F2
25
 x4
3 Floor
rd x4
k4
F4
x3 x3
F3 F3
.. k3
 F = m 3 x3 x2
x2
K4 (x4-x3) F2
m3
F3 x3
F1 x1
K3 (x3-x2)
..
m3x3 = F3 – k3(x3-x2) +k4(x4-x3)
..
m3x3+ k3(x3-x2) – k4(x4-x3) = F3
..
m3x3-k3x2+ (k3+k4)x3 – k4x4 = F3
26
4th Floor x4 x4
F3 F4
k4 x3
.. x3 F
 F = m4 x4 3

x2
m4 F2
F4 x4
K4 (x4-x3) F1 x1
..
m4x4 = F4 – k4(x4-x3)
..
m4x4+ k4(x4-x3) = F4
..
m4x4-k4x3+ k4x4 = F4
27
1st Floor
..
m1x1+ (k1+k2)x1 - k2x2 = F1
2nd Floor ..
m2x2-k2x1+ (k2+k3)x2 – k3x3 = F2
3rd Floor
..
m3x3-k3x2+ (k3+k4)x3 – k4x4 = F3
4th Floor ..
m4x4-k4x3+ k4x4 = F4

28
 ..
m1x1+ (k1+k2)x1 - k2x2 = F1
..
m2x2-k2x1+ (k2+k3)x2 – k3x3 = F2
..
m3x3-k3x2+ (k3+k4)x3 – k4x4 = F3
..
m4x4-k4x3+ k4x4 = F4

m 1   x 1  k 1 k 2  k 2   x1   F1 
 m  x    k k  k  k   x  F 
 2   2  2 2 3 3   2  2
 m3  x 3  +   k 3 k 3 k 4  k 4   x 3  = F3 
        
 m 4 x 4   k4 k 4   x4  F4 
..
29
M X+K X = F
Due to ground motion
x4
m4

k4 x3
m3

m2 k3 x2

k2 x1
m1

k1
xg xg
30
 .. x4
m1x1+ (k1+k2)x1 - k2x2 = F1
..
m2x2-k2x1+ (k2+k3)x2 – k3x3 = F2 x3
..
m3x3-k3x2+ (k3+k4)x3 – k4x4 = F3
..
m4x4-k4x3+ k4x4 = F4 x2

x1

.. ..
m1 (x1+xg)+ (k1+k2)x1 - k2x2 = 0
.. ..
m2 (x2+xg)-k2x1+ (k2+k3)x2 – k3x3 = 0 xg
.. ..
m3 (x3+xg)-k3x2+ (k3+k4)x3 – k4x4 = 0
.. ..
m4 (x4+xg)-k4x3+ k4x4 = 0
31
 .. ..
m1 (x1+xg)+ (k1+k2)x1 - k2x2 = 0
.. ..
m2 (x2+xg)-k2x1+ (k2+k3)x2 – k3x3 = 0
.. ..
m3 (x3+xg)-k3x2+ (k3+k4)x3 – k4x4 = 0
.. ..
m4 (x4+xg)-k4x3+ k4x4 = 0
.. ..
m1x1+ (k1+k2)x1 - k2x2 = -m1xg
.. ..
m2x2-k2x1+ (k2+k3)x2 – k3x3 = -m2xg
.. ..
m3x3-k3x2+ (k3+k4)x3 – k4x4 = -m3xg
.. ..
m4x4-k4x3+ k4x4 = -m4xg

32
 .. ..
m1x1+ (k1+k2)x1 - k2x2 = -m1xg
.. ..
m2x2-k2x1+ (k2+k3)x2 – k3x3 = -m2xg
.. ..
m3x3-k3x2+ (k3+k4)x3 – k4x4 = -m3xg
.. ..
m4x4-k4x3+ k4x4 = -m4xg
m 1   x 1  k 1 k 2  k 2   x1   m1 
 m  x    k k  k  k  x  m 
 2   2  2 2 3 3   2    2  x
 m3  x 3  +   k 3 k 3  k 4  k 4   x 3  = m 3  g
        
 m 4 x
 4 
   k 4 k x
4   4 m 4 
.. ..
M X+K X = -M{1}xg
33
Natural Frequencies
..
M X+K X = 0
X =  (An cos nt + Bn sin nt)
..
X = - 2  (An cos nt + Bn sin nt)
- M 2  +K = 0
[K- M 2 ]  = 0 Eigen Value problem
|K- M 2 | = 0
34
Example : W2 = 20 ton
k2=2000 KN/m
W1 = 40 ton
k1=4000 KN/m

m1 = W1/g = 40/10 = 4 ton/m.sec2

m1 = 40 KN/m.sec2
m2 = 20 KN/m.sec2
40 0   6000  2000
[M ]    , [K ]   
 0 20    2000 2000 

35
 40 0   6000  2000
[M ]    , [K ]   
 0 20    2000 2000 

|K- M 2 | = 0
6000  402  2000
2
0
 2000 2000  20

6000  40   2000  20     2000   2000  0

2 2

800 4  200,000 2  8,000,000  0

4  250 2  10,000  0
  
2  200 2  50  0
2  200 or 2  50
36
 2
  200 or 2  50

  10 2  14.14 or   5 2  7.07

37
38
39
Mode shapes
Example :
Four stories structure
W1 = W2 = W3 = 40 ton W4 = 20 ton
k1= k2= k3= 4000 KN/m k4=2000 KN/m

m1,2,3 = W1/g = 40/10 = 4 ton/m.sec2

m1,2,3 = 40 KN/m.sec2
m4 = 20 KN/m.sec2

40   8000  4000 

 40   4000 8000  4000 
M  K 
 40    4000 8000  2000
   
 20   2000 2000 
40
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48
 Summary

49
 Questions
50