SENSORY-MOTOR DEVELOPMENT

in the first year

By:Yohannes Purwanto
SENSORY DEVELOPMENT
 SOMATIC SENSES DEVELOPMENT
(TACTILE)

0 -3 mths : touch mediated reflexes

4 -6 mths : gradually decrease
7 -9 mths : generally localized touch sensation
10 -12 mths : spesific localized touch sensation
 SOMATIC SENSES DEVELOPMENT
(PAIN)
PAIN is the fifth vital sign.
0 – 3 mths : Sensitive to pain stimulation,
reflextives , protective, wind up phenomenon
4 – 6 mths : immature endogenous analgesic system
7 – 9 mths : modulation of pain in spinal level
10 – 12 mths : appropriate pain perception

• Evidence suggest that there may long term

consequences of not treating pain in infants
In behavior problems include diminishe soccial
control, poor adaptive behavior, and impulsivity.

• Touch infant CAREFULLY, SLOWLY, GENTLY...!!

 SOMATIC SENSES DEVELOPMENT
(PROPRIOCEPTION)
Proprioception is the foundation for
purposeful movement such as
imitation, reaching, and locomotion.

0 – 3 mths : reflexives movement with visual input

4 – 6 mths : gain haptic percetion with touch sensation
7 – 9 mths : maintaining upright with vestibular sensation
10 – 12 mths : maintain stable posture
 VESTIBULAR DEVELOPMENT

• Optical Righting Reaction; VOR –OKR

(0-3 months)
• Head Righting Reaction; VCR
(4-6 months)
• Body Righting Reaction in Sitting; VSR
(6-8 months)
• Body Righting Reaction in Kneeling; VSR
(8-10 months)
• Body Righting Reaction in Standing;
VSR
(10-12 months)
VISUAL DEVELOPMENT
VISUAL DEVELOPMENT
 AUDITORY DEVELOPMENT

• 0 – 3 mths ; reflexives movement

• 4 – 6 mths ; head turning and searcing to
localized sound
• 7 – 9 mths ; orientation to voices and
people speaking
• 10 – 12 mths ; words produce to speech
 VISUAL PERCEPTION DEVELOPMENT
• Passive attention (1 month)
• Visual orientation (2 months)
• Active exploration (3 months)

• WHERE (PERIPHERAL VISION) • WHAT (CENTRAL VISION)

• Aware change of space (4 mths) • Aware change of object(4 mths)

• Perception body and object (6
mths)
• Perception body and two objects
(10 months)
• Perception spacial relation two
objects (>12 months)
• Perception discrimination in object
(6 mths)
• Perception object constancy and
figure ground (10 months)
• Perception comparison two objects
(>12 months)

CONCEPT OF SPACE CONCEPT OF OBJECT

 HAPTIC PERCEPTION
• Birth - cannot tactilely discriminate the characteristics of an
object placed in their hands.

• 10 weeks of age - begin to distinguish between differently sized

and shaped objects held in their hands.

• 6 months - can tactilely perceive temperatures, hardness, and

textures through touch and handling of objects

• 9 months - weight perception is evident

• 12 to 15 months - can perceive differences of the spatial

arrangement of shapes with similar features
 BODY PERCEPTION DEVELOPMENT
(body awareness, body image, body scheme)
HAND to BODY:
• Hand to mouth (0-3 months)
• Hand to hand (3 months)
• Hand to body (4 months)
• Hand to leg (5 months)
• Hand to feet (6 months)

HAND to OBJECT:
• Body to object (6 months)
• Body to two objects (10 months)

OBJECT to OBJECT:
• Spacial relation two object (>12 months)
MOTOR DEVELOPMENT
REFLEXES DEVELOPMENT
 HEAD CONTROL IN SUPINE

Physiological Chin tucked

Head lateral
flexion midline
 HEAD CONTROL IN PRONE

Physiological Head tilting

Head lateral
flexion midline
ROLLING - PRIMITIVE PHASE

ATNR
Rooting reflex
Optical Righting
ROLLING - TRANSITIONAL PHASE

Extended rolling Rolling to prone Flexed rolling

ROLLING – MATURE PHASE
SITTING - PRIMITIVE PHASE

Primary sitting

Tonic labirinthine
 SITTING - TRANSITIONAL PHASE

Head align Pull to sit Feet to mouth

(High guard synergist
stability)
 SITTING - MATURE PHASE

Supported Sitting Automatic

sitting sitting
 CREEPING - PRIMITIVE PHASE

Tonic labirinthine
Primary crawling

STNR
CREEPING - TRANSITIONAL PHASE

Landau reaction

Elbow support

Hand support Pivoting

 CREEPING - MATURE PHASE

Hand feet support

Bilateral crawling

Creeping

Reciprocal crawling
 CREEPING - MATURE PHASE

Hand feet support

Bilateral crawling

Creeping

Reciprocal crawling
STANDING - PRIMITIVE PHASE

Primary standing Primary walking

STANDING - TRANSITIONAL PHASE

Pull to stand Supported

(toes curling) standing
 STANDING - MATURE PHASE

Kneeling
Supported Walking
walking Squatting
Flexor Development in Supine
1 mth 2 mth 3 mth

4 mth 5 mth 6 mth

Extensor Development in Prone
1 mth 2 mth 3 mth

4 mth 5 mth 6 mth

 Rotational Development
3 mth 4 mth 5 mth

6 mth 7 mth 8 mth

 Sitting Development
4 mth 5 mth 6 mth

7 mth 8 mth 9 mth

 Crawling Development
5 mth 6 mth 7 mth

8 mth 8 mth 9 mth

Standing-walking Development
9 mth 10 th 11mth
mth

12 mth 12 mth 12 mth

 Hand Grasp Development
0-3 mth 4-5 mth 5-6 mth

6-7 mth 7-8 mth 8-9 mth

9-10 mth 10-12 mth

 REFFERENCES:
• Donna Cech, Suzanne Martin: Functional Movement Development Across The Lifespan, 3’rd, El
Selvier Saunder, St Louis, Missouri, 2012.
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Publishing, Seoul, 2001.
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• Joseph J Volpe: The Lancet Neurology, 8’th Edition, The Lancet, Volume 8, Issue 1, 2009.
• Jung Sun Hong: From Normal Development, CP Treatment Ideas, 3’rd Edition, Konnja Publishing,
Seoul, 2015.
• Laura E Berk: Development Through The Lifespan From Prenatal to Tenageer, 5’th Edition, Pearson
Education Inc, Boston, 2012.
• Louis Bly: Motor Skills Acquisition in The First Time, An Illustrated Guide to Normal Development,
Therapy Skills Builders, Arizona, 2004.
• Rona Alexander, Regi Boehme, Barbara Cups: Normal Development of Functional Motor Skills,
Therapy Skills Builders, Arizona, 2003.
• Sadler TW, Langman’s Medical Embryology, 10’th Edition, Lippincot William & Wilkins, USA, 2010.
• William A Mackay: Neuro 101, Neurophysiology Without Tears, Sefalotek Ltd, Toronto, 2008.