Reproductive System

HUMAN
REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM
PHILIPPINE NORMAL UNIVERSITY- North Luzon
Nurturing Innovative Teachers and Education Leaders
07/21/20
Essential Questions
 Where did we came from?

 Why are men essential in reproduction?
 How important are the female reproductive organs?
 Why do women experience monthly cycles?
 What parental responsibilities are entailed in
producing a new, healthy individual?

07/21/20
Male
Reproductive
System

07/21/20
Testes: The Sites of Sperm Production
• The testes are oval-shaped
organs found inside a
protective sac of skin called
the scrotum.
• Since the scrotum lies in the
external part of the body, its
temperature is 1-3 degree
Celsius making it ideal for
sperm production.
07/21/20
Testes: The Sites of Sperm Production
• Inside the testes are clusters
of hundreds of compartments
with many tiny coiled tubes
called seminiferous tubules.
The sperm production is called

Spermatogenesis.

07/21/20
Structure of
mature Sperm Cell
 The tip of the region contains digestive enzymes. During

fertilization, these enzymes help the sperm penetrate the
protective layers that surrounds the egg cell.
 The Middle piece is packed with mitochondria that will
supply the energy that is required for sperm to reach an egg.
 The tail consists of single, powerful flagellum that propels
the sperm.
07/21/20
Accessory ducts
Epididymis
• Site of sperm maturation and
temporary storage; carries sperm to vas
deferens
Vas deferens
•a duct that extend epididymis. Smooth
muscles that line each vas deferens
contract to help move sperm along as
they exit the body. Each vas deferens
loops around the urinary bladder and
merges with the urethra.

07/21/20
Accessory ducts
Ejaculatory duct
•Carries sperm and secretions from the
seminal vesicle to the urethra
Urethra
•Carries semen to the external
environment

07/21/20
Accessory Glands
Seminal vesicle
•Secretes alkaline fluid containing
nutrients (fructose) for sperm and
prostaglandins.
Prostate gland
•Secretes alkaline fluid that helps keep
semen slightly alkaline and activates
motility of sperm.
Bulbo-urethral gland
•Secretes watery fluid that neutralizes
acidity of the urethra and lubricates the
penis.
07/21/20
Semen
Is the fluid passed from the urethra during ejaculation. It
consists of the fluids secreted by the bulbo-urethral glands,
seminal vesicles, and prostate gland along with sperm and
fluid from the testes.
Each ejaculation expels 3-4 mL

Sperm make up only 10% of the volume, 90% from the
three glands.

07/21/20
Low sperm count (Oligospermia)
Low sperm count implies that the fluid you

ejaculate in the course of an organism consist of
lesser sperm when with normal.
(Less than 15 million sperm per milliliter of
semen.)

07/21/20
Male external genitalia
Scrotum
•It is the external sac of skin and subcutaneous tissue that contains the testes. It hangs from the
trunk midline posterior to the penis.
•The subcutaneous tissue of the scrotum contains a layer of smooth muscle called the dartos.
Its cells reflexively contract or relax to shorten or lengthen the scrotum in response to
temperature changes In addition, there are two thin, ribbon-like skeletal muscles, named
cremaster, that are attached to the testes and respond similarly. Through the actions of these
muscles, the testes are elevated closer to the body in cold temperatures and depressed in warm
temperatures.
Penis
•The penis is the male copulatory organ that deposits semen in the female vagina during sexual
intercourse.

07/21/20
Female
Reproductive
System

07/21/20
Female Reproductive System
Include:
Paired ovaries – gamete
producing organs. Produces
female sex hormones and sex
cells;
Fallopian Tubes - transport
the female sex cells;
Uterus - internal
development of the embryo and
fetus occurs;
Vagina - serves as the
female copulatory organ and birth
canal; and the external genitalia
Female Reproductive System
• Cervix- the narrow end
at the opening of
woman’s uterus.
Clitoris- A female
structure that is small,
sensitive and located on
the outside of the body in
front of the opening of
the vagina.
Egg Production
The onset of mature egg cell production among females
starts around the ages 11 to 14 years, during the first
discharge of blood from the vagina, called menarche.
At birth, all females are born with all the two million
egg cells they will ever produce. By the time of females
reaches puberty, the number of egg cells have gone
down to about 400,000. Only 300 to 500 and are then
called ova.
07/21/20
a
Parts of an Ovum

07/21/20
a
The Ovarian Cycle
• The ovaries prepare the female body for a possible

pregnancy each month in a series of events
collectively called ovarian cycle.
• The Ovarian cycle spans about 28 days, although
it varies from female to female.

07/21/20
a
Two distinct phases or stages of Ovarian Cycle
Follicular Phase
Luteal Phase
Both are regulated by the hormones
produced by hypothalamus and the
anterior pituitary gland.

07/21/20
a
Follicular Phase
In an ovary, egg cells mature within follicles. A
follicle is a cluster of cells that surrounds an
immature egg cell and provides it with nutrients.
The follicular phase begins when anterior
pituitary gland releases the follicle-stimulating
hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing hormone (LH)
into the blood stream. Both FSH and LH cause
the follicle to produce estrogen.
07/21/20
a
Follicular Phase
An immature egg cell completes its first meiotic
division during this phase. This phase begins when
the hypothalamus begin to secret a releasing
hormone that stimulates the anterior lobe of the
pituitary gland to secret FSH. This FSH stimulates
cell division to follicle. The elevated estrogen level
stimulates the anterior pituitary to secrete LH which
initiates the next stage or phase which is ovulation
(positive feedback mechanism)
07/21/20
a
Ovulation

07/21/20
a

07/21/20
a
Luteal Phase
The cells of the ruptured follicle grow larger and fill the
cavity, forming a new structure called corpus luteum.
Corpus luteum begins to secret large amount of

progesterone and estrogen. Progesterone stimulates growth
of blood vessels and storage of fluids and nutrients in the
lining of uterus.

07/21/20
a
Luteal Phase
This phase lasts about 14 days. During this time, estrogen

and progesterone levels in the blood rise, while the FSH
and LH levels drops.
Increased level of estrogen and progesterone cause the

pituitary gland to stop secreting LH and FSH (negative
feedback)

07/21/20
a

07/21/20
a
Menstruation
The lining of the uterus and blood from

ruptured blood vessels are discharged
through the vagina. Menstruation lasts about
five days at the beginning of the follicular
phase.

07/21/20
a
Menstruation
Menstruation continues in most women until

about age 50%. By then, most of a woman’s
follicles have either matured and ruptured or
degenerated.
Menopause= menstruation ceases

07/21/20
a
How do you know if you are fertile?
An ovum can live for two or three days after it is

released. Since ovulation occur around day 14, it
means that an ovum can survive from day 14-17.
Sperm can live for approximately two or three
days in female reproductive system. This means
that the sperm released into vagina day 11 to day
17 is the fertile period .
07/21/20
a
How do you know if you are fertile?

07/21/20
a
FERTILIZATION
07/21/20
a
FERTILIZATION
During fertilization, a sperm cell penetrates an

ovum and releases the enzymes stored in its
acrosome. The head of the sperm enters the ovum,
and the nuclei of the ovum and the sperm fuse
together to produce a diploid cell called a zygote,
which will later develop into a new organism.

07/21/20
a
FERTILIZATION
Cell division takes place as the zygote travels

back down the oviduct toward the uterus, a
journey of 6-7 days after fertilization. Eventually,
the zygote becomes a small ball of cells
(blastocyst) that attaches itself to the uterine wall
in the process called implantation.

07/21/20
a
Embryonic Development
 It takes nine months from the time the

embryo on becomes implanted on the walls
of the uterus until a baby is born. This nine
months is called pregnancy.
 The first two month of pregnancy, the
developing child is called an embryo.
07/21/20
Part of the uterine wall produces the villi, which
constitutes the placenta, along with other blood
vessels and capillaries.
07/21/20
An umbilical cord
forms and connects
the placenta to the
embryo.
Nutrients and oxygen Carbon Dioxide and other

in the mother’s blood wastes are carried away from
are transported to the the embryo through an artery
embryo through veins in the umbilical cord to the
in the umbilical cord mother’s bloodstream for
disposal.
07/21/20
Amniotic sac
During the third week of

pregnancy, a thin
membrane called the
amniotic sac begins to
form around the embryo
and filled with clear
Umbilical Cord
liquid called amniotic
Uterus
Amniotic cavity fluid.

07/21/20
a
Fetal Development
During the third month of pregnancy, the

developing embryo begins to look more human.
Eyes, fingers, toes, arms, and legs will have
developed- and is now called fetus.

07/21/20
a
Fetal Development
8 weeks – major organs have begun to form. Limbs are forming.

12 weeks – skin and nails form. Internal organs start to develop.
21 weeks – hair forms on body and head. Facial features are
obvious.
8 months – fetal development nears completion. The brain
grows rapidly and lungs continues to grow. Bones on the head
are soft so the baby caneasily pass through the birth canal.

07/21/20
Birth
By the ninth month, the fetus has usually
rotated to a head-down position inside the
uterus. The time of birth has arrived. The
birth process begins with the onset of labor,
the muscular contractions od the uterus.

07/21/20
Birth
As the contractions become stronger and in closer
succession, the amniotic sac usually breaks and releases
its fluid. Eventually, the contractions cause the opening
of the uterus to widen so the baby can pass through the
vagina and then out into the world, taking in his/her
first grasp of air.
.

07/21/20
Disease of the
REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM

07/21/20
Syphilis
• Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease caused by bacterium
Treponema pallidum.
A painless chrancre initially develops at the site of the infection ,
typically on the genitals, rectum and mouth
Second stage occurs several weeks later and characterized by a fever
and skin rash that begins in the trunk and covers the entire body
If it left untreated, it will produce nueral lesion that can cause
extensive damage to nervous tissue, leading to paralysis, insanity,
and death

07/21/20
Gonorrhea
• Gonorrhea is caused by sexually transmitted bacterium, Neisseria
gonorrhoeae, which invades the epithelial lining of the vagina and the
male urethra. This result in a discharge called pus.
• It can affect the other parts of the body such as the rectum, eyes, throat,
and joints
• infected are mostly adults , babies born to an infected mother can also
contract the disease
• In men, there may be a burning sensation during urination, pain or
swelling in one testicle and a pus discharge in the urethral opening
• In women, may experience increased vaginal discharge, painful urination,
vaginal bleeding in between periods as well as abdominal and pelvic pain

07/21/20
Genital Herpes
• Genital herpes is caused by an infection with the herpes
simplex virus-2(HSV-2).
• The infection is characterized by painful, itching lesion
and and blisterlike eruptions in the genital area that occur
10 days after exposure to an infected sexual partner
• The sores take about two weeks to heal and may recur
• Some infected individuals may not experience sign and
symptoms and yet may be contagious

07/21/20
AIDS
• AIDS is the acronym for acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome.
• It is caused by a virus known as human immunodeficiency
virus(HIV), which attack the immune system of the body
• Was first reported in 1981 and until today no cure is
available
• Aids is transmitted through contact with body fluids
containing the virus: sexual intercourse , sharing of
contaminated needles, receiving of contaminated blood via
transfusion, or birth from infected mother
07/21/20

Reproductive System

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Originaltitel

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Reproductive System

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

HUMAN

 Where did we came from?

PHILIPPINE NORMAL UNIVERSITY- North Luzon

PHILIPPINE NORMAL UNIVERSITY- North Luzon

The sperm production is called

PHILIPPINE NORMAL UNIVERSITY- North Luzon

 The tip of the region contains digestive enzymes. During

PHILIPPINE NORMAL UNIVERSITY- North Luzon

PHILIPPINE NORMAL UNIVERSITY- North Luzon

Each ejaculation expels 3-4 mL

PHILIPPINE NORMAL UNIVERSITY- North Luzon

Low sperm count implies that the fluid you

PHILIPPINE NORMAL UNIVERSITY- North Luzon

PHILIPPINE NORMAL UNIVERSITY- North Luzon

PHILIPPINE NORMAL UNIVERSITY- North Luzon

PHILIPPINE NORMAL UNIVERSITY- North Luzon

• The ovaries prepare the female body for a possible

PHILIPPINE NORMAL UNIVERSITY- North Luzon

Two distinct phases or stages of Ovarian Cycle

PHILIPPINE NORMAL UNIVERSITY- North Luzon

PHILIPPINE NORMAL UNIVERSITY- North Luzon

PHILIPPINE NORMAL UNIVERSITY- North Luzon

Corpus luteum begins to secret large amount of

PHILIPPINE NORMAL UNIVERSITY- North Luzon

This phase lasts about 14 days. During this time, estrogen

Increased level of estrogen and progesterone cause the

PHILIPPINE NORMAL UNIVERSITY- North Luzon

PHILIPPINE NORMAL UNIVERSITY- North Luzon

The lining of the uterus and blood from

PHILIPPINE NORMAL UNIVERSITY- North Luzon

Menstruation continues in most women until

Menopause= menstruation ceases

How do you know if you are fertile?

An ovum can live for two or three days after it is

How do you know if you are fertile?

PHILIPPINE NORMAL UNIVERSITY- North Luzon

During fertilization, a sperm cell penetrates an

PHILIPPINE NORMAL UNIVERSITY- North Luzon

Cell division takes place as the zygote travels

PHILIPPINE NORMAL UNIVERSITY- North Luzon

 It takes nine months from the time the

Nutrients and oxygen Carbon Dioxide and other

During the third week of

PHILIPPINE NORMAL UNIVERSITY- North Luzon

During the third month of pregnancy, the

PHILIPPINE NORMAL UNIVERSITY- North Luzon

8 weeks – major organs have begun to form. Limbs are forming.

PHILIPPINE NORMAL UNIVERSITY- North Luzon

PHILIPPINE NORMAL UNIVERSITY- North Luzon

PHILIPPINE NORMAL UNIVERSITY- North Luzon

PHILIPPINE NORMAL UNIVERSITY- North Luzon

PHILIPPINE NORMAL UNIVERSITY- North Luzon

PHILIPPINE NORMAL UNIVERSITY- North Luzon

PHILIPPINE NORMAL UNIVERSITY- North Luzon

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen