ELECTRICITY

Electricity
- is an energy produced from the
movement of electrons or
charged particles in a substance.
It is one of the most easily
transmitted and converted forms
of energy.
 Kinds of Electricity

• Static Electricity is electricity at rest.

• Current electricity is electricity in motion.
Electrostatic discharge (ESD) is the sudden flow of
electricity between two objects because of contact. One
that causes electrostatic discharge is static electricity.

Example: Lightning - a huge spark that occurs when the

clouds release electrons, which are caused by static
electricity
 Properties of Electricity
• Electrical potential difference - often refers as Voltage.
- a situation wherein electric currents are induced
when a continuous supply of electrons moves from one
point in the electric field to another point where there is a
reduced supply of electrons.

Voltage may be produced from a direct current source like

dry cells, wet cells, dynamos, and generators.
Alternating current (AC) outlets in households
and office wirings are another possible source of
current.

The amount of voltage is measured using a

Voltmeter and usually expressed in volts (V) or
joules per coulomb (J/C).
Voltaic cell- is composed of
silver or copper and zinc
plates, and a piece of paper
soaked in salt solution
between the plates. It was
invented by Italian physicist
Alessandro Volta
Electrolyte is a substance
that dissociates into ions in a
solution.
Wet cell- contains
chemicals that conduct
current electricity by forming
ions through a strong
electrical field in a liquid
medium.
Dry cell- a modern form of
the voltaic cell. It consist of a
positive terminal and a
negative terminal.
Battery- A group of drycells
connected together. They
can be connected in series
or in parallel.

Dry cells are in a series

when the positive terminal is
connected to the negative
terminal of another cell.
Dry cells can also be
connected in parallel. They
are in parallel when all
positive terminals are
connected to a conductor
and an electrical device, and
all negative terminals are
connected in the same way.
Electric current- the flow of
electrons or charged
particles.
2 types of electric current:
- Direct current
- Alternating current
Direct current- flows in one
direction only.
Alternating current- the
movement of charged
particles periodically
reverses direction.
• Resistance- the opposition to the flow of electrons
or charged particles.

• Resistivity constant- the resistance of a material

having a length of 1 m and a cross-sectional area
of 1 m2.