Organisational Behavior

Week 11 & 12 Lecture

 Today’s agenda………….
Change Management

The Nature of Change

Costs and Benefits of Change

Resistance to Change

Implementing Change Successfully

 Nature of Change
Def: Change is any alteration occurring in the work
environment that affects the ways in which employees must
act.
Changes may be :
 Planned or unplanned
 Catastrophic or evolutionary
 Positive or negative
 Strong or weak
 Slow or rapid
 Stimulated either internally or externally
Mangers’ role in managing change

Proactive: Anticipate events, initiating change,

and taking control of the organisation’s destiny.

Reactive: Responding to events, adapting to

change, and tempering the consequences of
change.
Social responses to change
Absenteeism
Strikes
Demands
Indifference
Harder work
Sabotage
Costs and Benefits of Change

Costs:
A new work procedure may require inconvenience of
learning new skill.
May disrupt work and satisfaction.
New equipment or relocation of older ones.
Psychological and social costs.
 Resistance to Change

Def: Consists of any employee behaviors

designed to discredit, delay, or prevent
the implementation of a work change.
 Reasons for Resistance

Logical or Rational

Psychological or Emotional

Sociological or Group Interests

 Logical or Rational Resistance

This is based on disagreement with the facts, rational reasoning,

logic, and science. It arises from—

Time required to adjust

Extra effort to learn

Possibility of less desirable conditions.

Economic costs of change

Questioned technical feasibility of changes.

Psychological or Emotional Resistance
This is typically based on emotions, sentiments,
and attitudes. It may arises from—
Fear of the unknown

Low tolerance of change

Dislike of management or other change agent

Lack of trust in others

Need for security; desire for status-quo

 Sociological or Group Interests

This is based on if it is seen that a challenge to group

interests, norms, and values of society. It arises from—
Political coalitions

Opposing group values

Parochial, narrow outlook

Vested interest

Desire to retain existing friendships.

Is Change All Bad???
 Implementing Change

Transformational leadership and change

Three-Step process of Change

Transformational leadership and change

Creating vision

Communicating Charisma

Stimulating Learning
Three-Step process of Change

Unfreezing

Changing

Refreezing
 Building Support for Changes
Use group forces

Providing a rationale for change

Participation

Share rewards

Employee security

Communication and education

Stimulating employee readiness

Working with the total system

Any Question??????

Thanks a Lot!!!!!!!!!!!!