RISE vs RAISE vs ARISE

A. Sample sentences
 Advertising costs rose by 15% last year.
 Those in favour of the proposal please
raise their right arm.
 Please contact me if the need arises.
B. Form

INFINITIVE PAST SIMPLE PAST

PARTICIPLE

rise rose risen

/raiz/ /ruz/ /rizn/
raise raised raised
/reiz/ /reizd/ /reizd/
arise arose arisen
/’raiz/ /’ruz/ /’rizn/
 C. Uses
1. The verb rise is intransitive, i.e. it cannot take
an object:
 Interest rates will no doubt continue to rise.
 Prices have not risen as much this year.

2. The verb raise is transitive, i.e. it is followed by

an object:
 A country with a balance of payments problem can
raise its interest rates to attract foreign capital.
 The government has raised sales tax by 4%.
 RISE vs RAISE vs ARISE
3. There are two nouns: a rise and
a raise. In American English a
raise is an increase in salary; in
British English the word rise is
used:
 He asked the boss for a rise.
(BrE)
 He asked the boss for a raise.
(AmE)
In both varieties of English, a rise is any kind
of increase:

•There was a rise in the cost of living by 6%

last year.

•The recent rise in interest rates has made

mortgages more expensive.
RISE vs RAISE vs ARISE

4. There are two adjectives that can be

derived – rising and raised:

 Rising costs have contributed to our trade

deficit. (=increasing)
 The MD spoke to the staff from a raised
platform. (i.e. the platform was at a higher
level than the staff)
RISE vs RAISE vs ARISE
5. The verb arise is intransitive. It needs an
active subject construction, not a dummy it:
 A problem has arisen at the plant. (NOT *It
has arisen a problem at the plant.)
 Use this money when the need arises.

6. Arise may be used as a synonym of result

from:
 The problems arose from the lack of
communication.
 Are there any matters arising from the
minutes of the last meeting?
7. Other expressions:
 Her resignation gave rise to the wildest rumours.
(= caused, created)
 Absenteeism is on the rise again. (=on the increase)
 It's not an easy task, but I'm sure John will rise to the
challenge/problem.
challenge/problem (= deal successfully with a difficult
situation)
 She was utterly determined to rise to the top in her
chosen profession. (= achieve the highest position)
 He rose from/through the ranks to run the entire
company. (=start in a junior rank or position in a
company and gradually reach a high rank or position)
 They talked about her meteoric rise from office clerk
to the managing director. (= very fast rise)
•The government raised standard of living. (=
improved)
•They've tried to raise money/capital/funds from
various sources. (= obtain)
•I would like to raise the subject/problem/issue of
work incentives. (= bring up)
•The government raised the ban on importing cars. (=
lifted, removed)
•Doubts/fears/hopes/expectations have been raised
about the company's right to use this land. (= make
someone have a particular feeling)
 Complete the sentences appropriately:
ROSE
1. Prices _____________ considerably last year.
2. The Government ________________
HAS RAISED sales tax by
3%.
ARISES
3. Please contact Mr Collins if the need ______________.
4. Wages were increased to cover the _______________
RISE
in the cost of living.
5. Interest rates will no doubt continue to
RISE
___________________.
RISE
6. Inflation is not simply a _______________ in the price
of a certain good.
ROSE
7. Printing costs _______________ last year by 15%.
HAVE RISEN
8. Our expenditures on travel _______________
excessively.
 HAVE RAISED
9. We ___________________ the prices recently.
10. They ___________________
RAISED their salaries last
month.
HAS RAISED
11. The Government recently __________________
taxes by 4%.
ROSE
12. Our salaries ___________________ last week.
13. The new management ___________________
HAS RAISED
the sales.
14. The number of workers participating in the profit-
sharing scheme ___________________
HAVE RISEN due to
increased profits.
RAISE
15. Tax cuts ___________________ real income.
16. If a firm's costs go up, then the price of its
products will ___________________
RISE
 ARISES
17. Please get in touch with me if the need __________.
18. If any questions ___________________
ARISE please
contact Mr Gordon Clarke.
19. Those in favour of the advertisement, please
___________________
RAISE their right arm.
20. If the demand ___________________
RISES prices also
___________________.
RISE
21. The Management ___________________
RAISED our
salaries a week ago.
HAS RAISED
22. The government ___________________ social
security contributions again.
23. The cost of entertaining clients constantly
___________________.
IS RISING
TO RISE
24. Salaries are expected ___________________ by 4%
next year.
 Complete the passage with rise or raise or words
derived from them:

The Unions state that because the cost of living 1 rose

……
by 8% last year, management should 2 …… raise wages
by an equivalent amount. However, such a 3 …… rise
means that the prices of the company’s products
would have to be 4 …… raised in order to maintain
adequate profit margins. It should be clear that the
Union’s demands give 5 …… rise to an inflationary spiral
rising
of 6 …… rising prices and further wage
costs, 7 ……
claims, ultimately to nobody’s satisfaction.