different occasions such as life cycle events and occupational activities and various rituals. • During the agricultural cycle, peace pacts, courtship, marriage and death rites, musical performances may be witnessed in the region. Categories of Music of Cordillera • Vocal Music - music that uses and emphasizes the human voice. Sometimes instruments are used, but the voice is the most important part • Instrumental Music - music intended to be performed by a musical instr ument or group of instruments. • Vocal Ensemble with instrumental accompaniment supports or provides background for other musical parts A. Vocal Music 1. Ibaloi Badiw – is a ceremonial song for dead a style of singing without prior preparation or practice in the leader- chorus form. 2. Owiwi ( Kalinga)- lullabies 3. Dagdagay ( Kalinga) – Infancy – related songs 4. Oppia ( Kalinga) – infancy-related songs 5. Langan bata-bata (Tausug) - infancy-related songs 6. Bua (Subannen) – infancy-related songs 7. Kawayanna ( Kalinga) – infancy –related songs 8. Hudhud (Ifugao) – chanted epic poetry which is recited and chanted only during four occasions: the harvesting of rice and wedding, funeral wakes, bone –washing (bogwa) rituals. It also comprises of over 200 stories of about 40 episodes each. Themes are about celebrations of the Ifugao heroes, heroines, wealth and culture. Characteristics of Vocal Music 1. Melismatic - a musical phrase of several notes sung to one syllable. - vocal passage with one syllable - sung against several note passages 2. Free – meter – musical meter without time signature. Instrumental Music 1. Metal Instruments – gongs A. Gangsa Toppaya – gongs played by striking with the palm while rested on the lap. B. Gangsa Palook – gongs are struck or beaten with wooden mallets while held by the left hand. This usually played by men. 2. Bamboo Instruments A. Bungkaka or Bilbil – played by striking against the palm of one hand. B. Tongali – a nose flute with extreme forward edge of the right or left nostril. C. Tongatong – are bamboo tubes played by stamping each against the ground. D. Ulibaw – a mouth- resonated bamboo instrument played with a flexible tongue fixed to one end to a surrounding frame. D. Patteteg – bamboo of different sizes for varied timbre that is split in half and is struck by a wooden stick while rested on the lap. Vocal Ensemble w/ Instrumental Accompaniment Vocal ensemble is performed during courtship usually in song – debate form accompanied by different instruments such as: Kudlong - two-stringed lute Saluroy – polychordal zither END…..