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„ Introduction
„ Smart Card Programming environment
„ Internal structure
„ Smart Card application software development
„ Smart Card system design & architecture
„ Security level and ISO standards
„ Commercial applications of Smart Card
„ Conclusion
Introduction
„ Smart card is one of the latest additions to
the world of information technology.
„ When coupled with reader, the smart card
has the processing power to serve many
different applications.
„ Smart card provides data portability, security
& convenience.
„ They have their own OS, temporary memory
and file storage memory.
„ emory Cards
emory cards simply store data & can be
viewed as a small floppy disk with optional
security.
„ icroprocessor Cards
icroprocessor card can add, delete &
manipulate information in its memory on
the card.
It has an input/output port, operating
system and hard disk with built-in security
features.
Types of Smart cards
„ Contact Smart Card
They have a small gold plate about ½ơ in
diameter on the front.
When the card is inserted into a smart card
reader, it makes contact with electrical connectors
that transfer data to and from the chip.
„ Contactless Smart Cards
They use low frequency radio waves to provide
power and to communicate with smart card
reader.
They look just like plastic credit cards, except that
they have an electronic microchip and an antenna
embedded inside.
Smart Card Programming Environment.

„ Smart card operating systems

Smart card OS is not like Windows or Unix.
They are more like on-card commands to
which smart card responds.
Smart card OS support either character or
block transfer.
Smart card OS implements some of ISO
7816 and CEN 726 standards.
Smart card File System
„ Smart card file is just a contiguous
block of smart card memory.
„ Smart card file system is a singly rooted
directory-based hierarchical file system.
„ Smart card OS supports all set of file
operations such as create, delete, read,
write and update.
„ Smart card is an access control list.
igh-level language card Programs
„ In 1996, Schlumberger introduced the first
smart card that could accept and run high-
level language programs.
„ Some smart card manufacturers used high-
level languages such as Forth and C to create
card software.
„ Java programs can be also implemented on a
smart card.
Internal structure of a Smart card
„ Smart Card contains
Integrated Circuit chips.
Coprocessors
„ anufacturing Process :
Fabrication of the chip, or many chips in the form
of wafer.
Packaging of individual chips.
Fabrication of the card.
Insertion of the chip into the card.
Personalization.
Printing of the card.
Smart card application s/w
development
„ ask development
Program stored into the chip on a smart card are
referred as a masks.
Program stored into RO during fabrication
process is referred as hard mask.
Program stored on EEPRO after the card
manufacturing process is called as soft mask.
„ Code development
Software for smart cards is highly specialized for
each new application on a chip.
The newly introduced smart cards has OS that
supports a wide variety of applications.
„ Chip simulators
Chip simulators are used for writing and
debugging software on chip.
Chip simulators improves the s/w development
process but still leaves many aspects of software
unchecked.
„ Chip emulators
Chip emulators improves testing environment
without requiring the actual fabrication of chips.
With an emulator a variant of memory is provided
which can be accessed both by computer and chip
processor.
„ Interface devices (Readers)
Smart card donƞt have independent power
source or clock signal to drive its
embedded processor.
Basically reader is a device which provides
both power and clock signal to a card.
Reader provides a connection between a
smart card and another computer system.
Smart Card ardware
„ The computer on a smart card is a
single integrated circuit chip that
includes CPU, the memory system and
input/output line.
„ Smart card memory system.
8 KB to 32 KB RO.
Nonvolatile memory (NV).
Tiny amount of RA.
„ Smart card CPU
CPU in a smart card chip is an 8-bit micro-
controller, using otorola 6805 or Intel
8051 instruction set.
Smart card CPU executes machine
instructions at the rate of about 400 KIP.
A smart card CPU will not execute code
from all part of the smart card memory
system.
„ Smart card input/output.
Input/output channel on a smart card is a
unidirectional serial channel.
The smart card hardware can handle data
up to 115,200 bps.
„ Smart card system architecture.
All smart cards are integrated into larger
system that themselves typically contains
additional computers and data stores.
Security level & ISO standards
„ Data security in smart card
Accessed only through dedicated reader.

PIN protection for smart card data.

ardware protection.
„ Smart card standards
IS 7816-1 (1987) : Physical characteristics
IS 7816-2 (1988) : Dimension and location of
contacts
IS 7816-3 (1989) : Electronic signal &
transmission protocol.
IS 7816-4 (1995) : Inter industry commands &
responses.
IS 7816-5 (1994) : Data elements for interchange.
IS 7816-6 (1998) : Inter industry security
commands
ISO 7816-7 (1999) : Synchronous cards.
Commercial Applications
„ Application in the internet world.
„ Use of smart card in Windows.
„ Banking.
„ Network Access.
„ Transportation.
„ Power usage device.
„ Vehicle access.
„ Bio-metric field.
Conclusion
„ Smart card is standard credit card size plastic
token.
„ Because of security and data storage features
that smart cards are rapidly being embraced
as the consumer token.
„ Smart cards are believed to be the most
efficient and portable way of enabling the
new world of e-trade.