CHASSIS

- A vehicle without a body.

-  internal vehicle frame that supports an artificial object in its
construction and use, can also provide protection for some internal
parts.
Layout of chassis:
TYPES:
• 1. Ladder frame:
Features:

1. Oldest design
2. Two symmetric beams, rails and channels connected by several cross members.
3. Initially used for almost many cars but nowadays seen in some trucks and SUVs .
4. Offers good beam resistance due to the rails and channels.
5. Low resistance to torsion or warping, if simple perpendicular cross members are
used.
6.  the vehicle's overall height will be greater due to the floor pan sitting above the
frame instead of inside it.
2. Backbone frame:
Features:

1. consists of a strong tubular backbone (usually rectangular in cross section)

that connects the front and rear suspension attachment areas.
2. A body is then placed on this structure.
3. This type of chassis is also often found in some sports car.
4. No protection for side collision so often combined with a body that would
compensate for this shortcoming.
`
3. Skeleton frame:

Eg. Containers.
5. Monocoque frame:
Features:

1. Combined body + chassis.

2. Has a weight advantage.
3. Better stiffness.
4. Initially used in F1 then adopted by some sports car and now used even in
SUVs.
5. Carbon titanium fibre to aluminium.
4. Space frame:
Features:
1.  The suspension, engine, and body panels are attached to a three-
dimensional skeletal frame of tubes.
2. The designs make maximum use of triangles.
Why do we use triangles?
How to design tips:
Buckles!!
 Unibody vs. body-on frame

Unibody: body-on
Body+chassis Body is put on frame.
More rigid, can withstand torsion. Cannot withstand torsion and flexing.
Lighter weight. Heavier due to extra materials.
Less material, less cost. Frame or body can be used again.
Can isolate body from frame.
 Body style:
1. Hatchback: ex. Nano, indica – separate engine area and passenger
area. 2 box
2. Sedan/Notchback: ex. Swift desire, Honda city – engine area+
passenger area + boot area.
3. Estate/station wagon: ex. Indigo marina , Octavia – engine area+
passenger area + boot area extended till the roof.
4.MUV (Multi Utility Vehicle):ex. Tavera,bolero, innova – engine+
passenger + boot together or engine area is separate. Can have third
row of sitting. Two wheel drive.
5.SUV(Sports Utility vehicle): ex. Safari, fortuner-  large tyres, higher
seating, higher ground clearance. Engine area separate. Passenger and
boot together. Has an option of 4 wheel drive
6.Pick-up truck: ex. Xenon, scorpia gateway- large tyres, higher seating
capacity, higher ground clearance. The engine area is separate and the
passenger compartment available in single or double cab
configurations. 
7.Van: ex. Winger, omni-  engine is placed below the passenger area.