Menstrual Cycle

and Hormonal
Disorders
 Group 3
1. AJENG NABILA RAMADHITA

2. AZZAHRA SALSABILA PUTRI

3. DINDA MEISYALINA

4. NADIA SOFIYAN

5. NURMALITA RACHMA

6. PUTRI FATIMATUZZAHRA

7. RAHAYU SORAYA

8. RAHMA YAASIINTA
Definition Menstrual Cycle

The Menstrual Cycle is a change in a woman's

body, especially in the reproductive organs.
Menstruation occurs when the lining of the
uterine lining (endometrium) thickens due to
the absence of fertilization of the egg.
Menstrual cycles vary from woman to woman,
can occur between 23-35 days, but the average
menstrual cycle is 28 days
 Menstruation Process
Menstrual cycle or menstruation is a natural process that always repeats
every month. In one cycle, hormone levels in the body can go up and down,
depending on the phase. Changes in hormone levels affect to mood and the
impact of body energy on health. the length of each woman’s menstrual cycle
is different, it really depends on the condition of each body, and not all
menstrual cycles must be routine
 PHASES IN THE
MENSTRUAL CYCLE

First Phase – Menstruation

The first phase of the menstrual cycle

usually takes 3-7 days. At this time, the
uterine lining decays into menstrual
blood. Pain in the abdomen that is also
often felt in the first days of menstruation
is triggered due to contractions in the
uterus. This uterine muscle contraction
occurs due to an increase in the
hormone prostaglandin during
menstruation.
 PHASES IN THE
MENSTRUAL CYCLE

Follicular Phase

This stage occurs from the first day

of menstruation to enter the ovulation
phase. At this stage, the ovaries
produce follicles that contain ovum
cells or egg cells. The growth of the
ovarian follicles then causes the
endometrium to become thicker. This
phase occurs on the 10th day of 28
days in a menstrual cycle. Generally,
the time spent at this stage will
determine how long a woman's
menstrual cycle will last.
 PHASES IN THE
MENSTRUAL CYCLE

Ovulation Phase

In the pre-ovulatory phase, the lining of the

uterine lining which once decays will begin
to thicken again. The lining of the uterine
lining is quite thin, so sperm can pass
through this layer easily and can last for
approximately 3-5 days. The process of
thickening of the uterus is triggered by an
increase in hormones.
The ovulation period for each woman is not
the same, depending on each menstrual
cycle and several factors, such as weight
loss, stress, illness, diet and exercise.
 PHASES IN THE
MENSTRUAL CYCLE

Luteal Phase

After the ovulation phase, the follicle

that has ruptured ejects an egg to form
the corpus luteum, which triggers an
increase in the hormone progesterone
to thicken the lining of the uterine lining.
This phase is known as the
premenstrual phase which is
characterized by symptoms, such as
enlarged breasts, pimples appear, the
body feels weak, becomes irritable or
emotional
Why women's menstrual cycles are different

When there is interference with hormones

in the body, the menstrual cycle is
disrupted too. Hormonal imbalances can
be caused by various things such as
1. Stress
2. Weight change
3. Serious illness
4. Lifestyle
5. Thyroid
6. Excessive exercise
 Definition
Menstrual Pain
Menstrual pain or
dysmenorrhea is pain or
cramps in the lower abdomen,
which appear before or during
menstruation. Dysmenorrhea
is characterized by cramps in
the lower abdomen. These
conditions normally occur
every month and need not
worry, because it is a process
that occurs naturally in a
woman's uterus. As we get
older, dysmenorrhea will also
gradually disappear
Definition Hormonal Disorders

Hormonal Disorders. A hormonal imbalance that

occurs as an allergic reaction in the estrogen
and progesterone levels called as hormonal
disorders. E.g: Acromegaly, Addison's Disease,
Adrenal Cancer, Adrenal Disorders, Anaplastic
Thyroid Cancer
 Why Hormonal Disorders Can Occur
The symptoms of a hormonal imbalance depend on which glands andhormones
are affected. Symptoms associated with the more commoncauses of hormonal
imbalances include:

 unexplained weight gain or weight  unexplained and long-term fatigue

loss  increased thirst
 unexplained or excessive sweating  depression
 difficulty sleeping  headaches
 changes in sensitivity to cold and heat  needing to go to the bathroom more or less than usual
 very dry skin or skin rashes  bloating
 changes in blood pressure  changes in appetite
 changes in heart rate  reduced sex drive
 brittle or weak bones  thinning, brittle hair
 changes in blood sugar concentration  infertility
 irritability and anxiety  puffy face
 a bulge in the neck  blurred vision
 breast tenderness
 deepening of the voice in females
Cause
Everyone will experience natural periods of hormonal disorders or
fluctuations at particular points in their life.But hormonal disorders can
also occur when the endocrine glands are not functioning
properlyEndocrine glands are specialized cells that produce, store, and
release hormones into the blood. There are several endocrine glands
located throughout the body that control different organs, including the:
1. adrenal glands
2. gonads (testis and ovaries)
3. pineal gland
4. pituitary gland
5. hypothalamus gland
6. thyroid and parathyroid glands
7. pancreatic islets
 Hormonal Disordes In Women

Share on Pinterest Women experience several periods of hormonal

change in their lifetime, primarily during puberty, menstruation,
pregnancy and menopause.Women naturally experience several
periods of hormonal imbalance throughout their lifetime, including
during:
1. Puberty
2. Menstruation
3. Pregnancy, childbirth, and breast-feeding
4. Perimenopause, menopause, and postmenopause
 Hormonal Disordes In Women

Symptoms of hormonal imbalances in women include:

1. heavy, irregular, or painful periods
2. osteoporosis (weak, brittle bones)
3. hot flashes and night sweats
4. vaginal dryness
5. breast tenderness
6. indigestion
7. constipation and diarrhea
8. acne during or just before menstruation
9. uterine bleeding not associated with menstruation
10. increased hair growth on the face, neck, chest, or back
11. infertility
 Hormonal Disordes In Women
Women are also at risk of developing different types of hormonal
imbalance disorders than men because they have different
endocrine organs and cycles.Medical conditions causing irregular
hormonal imbalances in women include:
1. polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
2. hormone replacement or birth control medications
3. early menopause
4. primary ovarian insufficiency (POI)
5. ovarian cancer
 Hormonal Disorders In Men

Men also experience natural periods of hormonal imbalance during their

lifetime. Natural causes of hormonal imbalances in men include Puberty and
aging. Men are also at risk of developing different hormonal imbalances than
women because they have different endocrine organs and cycles. Medical
conditions causing hormonal imbalances in men include:
prostate cancer
hypogonadism (low testosterone)
 Hormonal Disorders In Men
Symptoms of hormonal imbalances in men include:
1. Reduced sex drive
2. Erectile Dysfunction (ED)
3. Low sperm count
4. Reduced muscle mass
5. Reduced body hair growth
6. Overdevelopment of breast tissue
7. Breast tenderness
8. Osteoporosis
How To Treat Hormonal
Disorders ?
 How To Treat Hormonal Disorders
Treatment for hormonal imbalances may vary depending on the cause.
Every person may require different types of treatment for hormonal
imbalances. Treatment options for women with hormone imbalances include:

A. Hormone control or birth control. For those who are not trying to get pregnant, medications
containing forms of estrogen and progesterone can help regulate irregular menstrual cycles and
symptoms. People can take birth control medications as a pill, ring, patch, shot, or an intrauterine
device (IUD).
B. Vaginal estrogen. People experiencing vaginal dryness associated with changes in estrogen
levels can apply creams containing estrogen directly to vaginal tissues to reduce symptoms.
They can also use estrogen tablets and rings to reduce vaginal dryness.
C. Hormone replacement medications. Medications are available to temporarily reduce severe
symptoms associated with menopause, such as hot flashes or night sweats.
D. Eflornithine (Vaniqa). This prescription cream may slow excessive facial
hair growth in women.
E. Anti-androgen medications. Medications that block the predominately
male-sex hormone androgen can help limit severe acne and excessive
hair growth or loss
F. Clomiphene (Clomid) and letrozole (Femara). These medications help
stimulate ovulation in people with PCOS who are trying to become
pregnant. Those with PCOS and infertility may also be given injections of
gonadotropins to help increase the chances of pregnancy.
G. Assisted reproductive technology. In vitro fertilization (IVF) may be used to
help those with PCOS complications get pregnant.
Treatment options for anyone with hormonal imbalances include:

1. Metformin. A medication for type 2 diabetes,

metformin can help manage or lower blood sugar
levels.

2. Levothyroxine. Medications containing
levothyroxine, such as Synthroid and Levothroid,
can help improve symptoms of hypothyroidism.

Treatment options for men with hormonal imbalances include:

Testosterone medications. Gels and patches containing

testosterone can help reduce symptoms of
hypogonadism and other conditions that cause low
levels of testosterone, such as delayed or stunted
puberty.
 Natural Remedies
People have used natural supplements to treat hormonal imbalances for
thousands of years. However, there are no natural remedies that have been
consistently proven in clinical studies to treat hormonal imbalances and
their causes, aside from lifestyle changes. Natural supplements commonly
used for the reduction of symptoms associated with hormonal imbalances
include:
A. black cohosh, dong quai, red clover, and evening primrose oil for hot
flashes caused by menopause
B. ginseng for irritability, anxiousness, and sleep disturbances caused by
menopause
C. ginseng, and maca for ED
 Natural Remedies
Lifestyle changes that may help reduce the likelihood and symptoms of
hormonal imbalances include:
A. maintaining a healthy body weight
B. eating a nutritious and balanced diet
C. exercising regularly
D. practicing good personal hygiene, focusing on washing areas with
a lot of natural oils, such as the face, neck, back, and chest
E. using over-the-counter acne washes, rinses, and medicated
creams or gels for minor to moderate acne
F. avoiding triggers that cause hot flashes, such as warm weather
and spicy, rich, or hot foods and drinks
G. reducing and managing stress
H. practicing yoga, meditation, or guided visualization
I. limiting sugary foods and refined carbohydrates
J. avoiding packaged foods
K. replacing older non-stick pans with ceramic pans
L. using glass containers to store and heat foods and drinks
THANKYOU