TYPES OF

COMMUNICATION
LESSON 2
• 1. Interpersonal communication
• 2. Intrapersonal communication
• 3. Public communication
• A. Public Speaking
• B. Mass Communication

Types of Communication
• Similar to thinking aloud
• The act of ‘talking to one’s self’

INTRAPERSONAL
COMMUNICATION
• Most common type of communication
• Includes dyadic communication and small
group communication

INTERPERSONAL
COMMUNICATION
• A communication situation where a
speaker delivers a message before an
audience
• Two forms:
A. PUBLIC SPEAKING
B. MASS COMMUNICATION

Public Communication
• A sustained formal presentation by a
speaker to an audience

• The audience function as receivers and

responders

PUBLIC SPEAKING
• A type of public communication to an
extremely large audience mediated by an
audio and or visual means
• Example: the president’s speech seen on
television and heard over the radio

MASS COMMUNICATION
FORMALITY LEVELS OF
COMMUNICATION
Factors to consider:
1. Relationship with the person you address
2. Topic being discussed
3. Occasion when the exchange takes place
• occupies the highest rank in Martin Joos’
(1962) classification
• used in very formal setting such as in
rituals, church rites, speeches for state
ceremonies
• makes use of stock expressions that have
not changed through the years

FROZEN STYLE
• Used as an extended one-way
communication, like speeches in
graduation ceremonies
• Speaker plans ahead and frames what
he/she is to say before it is delivered
• Two defining features: 1. modulated
intonation
2.cohesion and
organization of message

FORMAL STYLE
• Used in semi-formal communication situations
where a transaction of some sort takes place
• Features: one speaker supplies the background
information and he/she does not assume that
he/she will be easily understood
• the addressee participates continuously
• both participants are active

Consultative syle
Sophia: “Good morning, Dr. Luna. I have a high fever and my
head aches since yesterday.”
Dr. Luna: “Hmmm, what medicine did you take?”
Sophia: “ Ohh, just this morning, I took one tablet of
paracetamol.”
Dr. Luna: “Yes, that will do.”
Sophia: “So, I need not undergo a laboratory test?”
Dr. Luna: “Yes, that’s right. We will observe you for the first
three days.”
Sophia: “Thanks.”

Example
• Used among friends and acquaintances in
informal situations
• Can also be used to address a stranger

Casual style
• Completely private language that is used
within the family and with very close
friends
• Uses jargons or any vocabulary associated
with the group

Intimate style
• Identify the type of communication that takes place in the
following situations.
1. Chatting via the internet
2. Praying
3. Getting information from a clerk in the Registrar’s Office
4. Broadcasting the news on air
5. Reacting to some points mentioned in your book
6. The President delivering the State of the nation Address
(SONA)
7. Reprimanding the dog for fouling up the sofa
8. Talking with your mother about your friends
9. Discussing fund-raising campaigns with members of your
school organization
10. Saying to yourself what to tell Stephanie, the club president,
she asks about the budget

Activity
• Answer page 22!

Activity 2: Types and Formality Levels of

Communication
Speech Acts
John L. Austin John R. Searle
(1911 - 1960) (born 1932)
Great Britain USA
• Speech act is an act that a speaker performs when
making an utterance;
• Speech act is an intent utterance given in
accordance with speech principles and rules;
• Speech acts are a staple of everyday
communicative life;

Definition
Speech act components
• 1. LOCUTIONARY FORCE/ACT
the act of ‘saying something’ in the full normal sense is performance of
locutionary act
‘what we said’ (the words in the message)

• 2. ILLOCUTIONARY FORCE/ACT
“what we actually do when we say it”
Example: When a parent says to a child who did something
unbecoming : “Why did you do it?”
1. The parent could be asking for an explanation
2. The remark could be a censure or a rebuke indicating that the
act that the child did was wrong and he/she is expected to
apologize

• 3. PERLOCUTIONARY FORCE/ACT (effect)

The expected response to the intended meanings

(according to John R. Austin)

 • Directives
• Commissives
• Representatives
• Declaratives
• Expressives
John R. Searle’s
classification
Directive is a speech act that is to cause the
hearer to take a particular action
1) I need/ want that car.
2) Give me your pen.
3) Could you give me your pen, please?
4) May I have some soda? Is there any milk
left?
5) This has to be done over. What about the
renovation?

Directives
Commissives
Commissive is a speech act that commits a speaker
to some future action (promises, refuses)
e.g. Maybe I can do that tomorrow.

Don’t worry, I’ll be there.

Representative is a speech act that commits a speaker
to the truth of the expressed proposition
e.g. I went to the Amish quilt exhibit.
There are about twenty quilts on
display.
Some are very old and some are new.

Representatives
Declarative is a speech act that changes the reality in
accord with the proposition of the declaration.
e.g. Class dismissed (students get up and
leave)
I now pronounce you husband and
wife.

Declaratives
Expressive is a speech act that expresses the
speaker's attitudes and emotions towards the
proposition.
e.g. I am very disappointed.
What a great day!!!
Oh my, that’s terrible.

Expressives
Speech act functions
1) Exchange factual information
The plane departs at 7:10.

2) Exchange intellectual information

These arguments are correct.

3) Exchange emotional attitudes

I’m worried about my term papers.

4) Exchange moral attitudes

I appreciate your help.
5) Persuasion
Hand in your assignments.
6) Socializing
Hi, Larry, how are you?
• Task 5: Analyzing Speech Acts, pages
24-25
• Task 6: Analyzing Extended Texts,
pages 25-26

Activity