CARBOXYLIC ACIDS

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 CARBOXYLIC ACID
ANOTHER HOMOLOGOUS SERIES OF
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

CONTAIN THE –COOH FUNCTIONAL GROUP

** CARBOXYLIC ACIDS IS A WEAK ACID

THE NAME OF CARBOXYLIC ACID ENDS IN – OIC..acid

THE GENERAL FORMULA IS CnH2n+1COOH

Where n = 0,1,2,3
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 Example:
• n=0
• Molecular formula: HCOOH
• Molecular structure: O
H C O H

• Name: methanoic acid

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 Example:
• n=1
• Molecular formula: CH3COOH
• Molecular structure:
H O
H C C O H
• Name: ethanoic acid
H
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 STEPS IN NAMING
CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
• Name the suffix with …oic....acid

• Name the stem by identifying the number

of carbon atoms in the longest chain

• Name the prefix by identifying the alkyl

group (if there is a side – chain)

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 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
OF ETHANOIC ACID
• COLOUR & ODOUR
Colourless & vineger smell
• PHYSICAL STATE AT RT
Liquid
• BOILING POINT & MELTING POINT
118°C & 17°C
• SOLUBILITY IN WATER
Soluble in water-OH group

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 PREPARATION OF ETHANOIC
ACID IN LABORATORY
a) SIMPLE METHOD

Ethanol +
Acidified
Potassium
Dichromate (VI)
+ Concentrated
sulfuric acid

water Distillate
Porous
pot chips

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b) REFLUX METHOD

WATER
OUT LIEBIEG
CONDENSER

WATER IN

MIXTURE OF ETHANOL,
POTASSIUM
DICHROMATE (VI),
CONCENTRATED
SULPHURIC ACID
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 REACT WITH:
ALCOHOL  ESTER + WATER
EXAMPLE: CH3COOH + C2H5OH  CH3COOC2H5 + H2O

REACT WITH:

BASESSALTS AND WATER

CH3COOH + NaOH  CH3COONa + H2O
CHEMI
C
PROPE AL CARBONATES  SALTS, CARBON
RTIES DIOXIDE AND WATER
OF AC
IDS 2CH3COOH + CaCO3  (CH3COO)2Ca + CO2 + H

REACT WITH:
METALSSALT AND HYDROGEN
2CH3COOH + Mg (CH3COO)2Mg + H2
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 CONCLUSION
1.General formula for carboxylic acid is:

2.The functional group is:

3.The first four members of carboxylic

acids are Methanoic, Ethanoic, Propanoic
and Buthanoic

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 CONCLUSION
• CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
ARE
I) REACT WITH ALCOHOL  ESTER + WATER
II) REACT WITH BASES SALTS AND WATER
III) REACT WITH CARBONATES  SALTS,
CARBON DIOXIDE AND WATER
IV) REACT WITH METALS SALT AND
HYDROGEN

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The
The End…
End…

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