Earthquake Resistant Building

Construction

By
Koushali Banerjee
Barch/10001/14
Semester III
Structural Mechanics
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INTRODUCTION
An earthquake is the vibration, sometimes violent to
the earth’s surface that follows a release of energy in
the earth’s crust. This energy can be generated by a
sudden dislocation of segments of the crust, by a
volcanic eruption or even by a manmade explosion

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WHAT ARE EARTHQUAKES?
The dislocation of the crust causes most destructive
earthquakes. The crust may first bend and then the
stresses exceed the strength of rocks, they break. In
the process of breaking, vibrations called seismic
waves are generated
. These waves travel outward from the source of the
earthquake along the surface and through the earth at
varying speeds depending on the material through
which they move. These waves can cause disasters on
the earth’s surface
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SEISMIC ZONES IN INDIA

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SEISMIC DESIGN SPECTRUM
For the purpose of determining seismic forces, the
country is classified into four seismic zones
The design horizontal seismic coefficient Ah for
a structure shall be determined by the following
expression:

Ah = ZISa / 2Rg

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where
Z = Zone factor given is for the Maximum Considered
Earthquake (MCE) and service life of structure.
I = Importance factor, depending upon the functional use
of the structures, characterised by hazardous
consequences of its failure, post-earth quake functional
needs, historical value,
or economic importance.
R = Response reduction factor, depending on the
perceived seismic damage performance of the structure,
characterised by ductile or brittle deformations.
Sa/g = Average response acceleration coefficient

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EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT
DESIGN TECHNIQUES
The conventional approach to earthquake resistant
design of buildings depends upon providing the
building with strength, stiffness and inelastic
deformation capacity which are great enough to
withstand a given level of earthquake-generated force.
This is generally accomplished through the selection
of an appropriate structural configuration and the
careful detailing of structural members, such as beams
and columns, and the connections between them.

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POPULAR EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT
TECHNIQUES

Earthquake may not be able to damage entire building

but it damages members of it.

So special techniques are adopted:

Base Isolation Devices

Seismic Dampers.

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 BASE ISOLATION
A base isolated structure
is supported by a series of
bearing pads which are
placed between the
building and the
building’s foundation.
The bearing is very stiff
and strong in the vertical
direction, but flexible in
the horizontal direction.

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EARTHQUAKE GENERATED
FORCES
This shows an earthquake acting on
both a base isolated building and a
conventional, fixed-base, building. As
a result of an earthquake, the ground
beneath each building begins to
move.The building undergoes
displacement towards the right. The
building’s displacement in the direction
opposite the ground motion is actually
due to inertia. The inertial forces acting
on a building are the most important of
all those generated during an
earthquake.
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SEISMIC DAMPERS

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Damping devices are
usually installed as part of
bracing systems.
 Primarily, this
arrangement provides the
column with additional
support.
Most earthquake ground
motion is in a horizontal
direction; so, it is a
building’s columns which
normally undergo the most
displacement relative to the
motion of the ground.
Note points:
BID SD’S
 separating structures from  additional systems
ground by means of devices. introduced in structures.

Can be done when structure  even when structure is

is already constructed, but it completed, systems can be
is costly. introduced.

Cheaper compared to Seismic Very costly, since linked with

Dampers. hardware programmes.

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THANK

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