LET’S HAVE A MINUTE OF

SILENCEToday, I receive all of God’s love for me.

Today, I open myself to the unbounded, limitless,
overflowing abundance of God’s universe.
Today, I open myself to God’s blessings,
healings, and miracles.
Today, I open myself to God’s Word so that I
become more like Jesus every day.
Today, I proclaim that I’m God’s Beloved,
I’m God’s Servant, I’m
God’s Powerful Champion,
And because I am blessed, I
am blessing the world in Jesus’ Name,
AMEN.
 Work and Kinetic Energy

PowerPoint® Lectures for

University Physics, 14th Edition, Global Edition
– Hugh D. Young and Roger A. Freedman Lectures by Jason Harlow
© 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd.
  
 
 

Where: 
=0 ;
= -g ; = 0
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Objectives
Determine the work done by a force (not necessarily constant)
acting on a system;
define work as a scalar or dot product of force and
displacement;
interpret the work done by a force in one dimension as an area
under a Force vs. Position curve;
relate the work done by a constant force to the change in kinetic
energy of a system; and
apply the work-energy theorem to obtain quantitative and
qualitative conclusions regarding the work done, initial and final
velocities, mass and kinetic energy of a system.
 Homework (1/2 CW)

• A tow truck pulls a car 5.00 m along a horizontal roadway

using a cable having a tension of 850 N. (a) How much work
does the cable do on the car if it pulls horizontally? (b) If it
pulls at 35.0o above the horizontal? *Illustrate each case. (c)
How much work does gravity do on the car in part (a)?

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 Motivation
• Have you experienced sitting for hours just studying?
• Requires big work, right? Headache and muscle pain

• However, for a physicist, you are considered to be doing zero

work while just being seated.

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 Work
• A force on a body does work if the body undergoes a
displacement.

These people are doing

work as they push on the car
because they exert a force
on the car as it moves.
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WORK

 While the body moves, a constant force

F acts on it in the same direction as the
displacement s.

 We define the work W done by this

constant force under these circumstances
as the product of the force magnitude F
and the displacement magnitude s:

W = F•s
The work done on the body is greater if either
the force F or the displacement s is greater.
Work done by a constant force

The work done by a constant force acting at an

angle  to the displacement is

W = Fs cos .
 Units of work
• The SI unit of work is the joule (named in honor of the
19th-century English physicist James Prescott Joule).
• Since W = Fs, the unit of work is the unit of force multiplied
by the unit of distance.
• In SI units:
1 joule = (1 newton) (1 meter) or 1 J = 1 N ∙ m
• If you lift an object with a weight of 1 N a distance of 1 m at
a constant speed, you do 1 J of work on it.

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 Zero work
• A weightlifter does no work on a barbell as long as he holds
it stationary.

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 Lowering the barbell to the floor: Slide 1

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 Lowering the barbell to the floor: Slide 2

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 Lowering the barbell to the floor: Slide 3

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 Work in a Force versus displacement graph

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 Caution…

• Keep track of who’s doing

the work…
- Always specify exactly what
force does the work.

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 Total work
• The work done by the net force on a particle as it moves is
called the total work Wtot.

• The particle speeds up if Wtot > 0, slows down if Wtot < 0, and
maintains the same speed if Wtot = 0.

© 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd.

 Total work
• The work done by the net force on a particle as it moves is
called the total work Wtot.

• The particle speeds up if Wtot > 0, slows down if Wtot < 0, and
maintains the same speed if Wtot = 0.

© 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd.

 Kinetic energy
• The energy of motion of a particle is called kinetic energy:

• Like work, the kinetic energy of a particle is a scalar quantity;

it depends on only the particle’s mass and speed, not its
direction of motion.
• Kinetic energy can never be negative, and it is zero only
when the particle is at rest.
• The SI unit of kinetic energy is the joule.

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 Kinetic energy
• Kinetic energy does not depend on the direction of motion.

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 Kinetic energy
• Kinetic energy increases linearly with the mass of the object.

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 Kinetic energy
• Kinetic energy increases with the square of the speed of the
object.

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 The work-energy theorem
• The work-energy theorem: The work done by the net force
on a particle equals the change in the particle’s kinetic
energy.

• The particle speeds up if Wtot > 0, slows down if Wtot < 0, and
maintains the same speed if Wtot = 0.

© 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd.

Example #1
• A farmer hitches her tractor to a sled loaded with
firewood and pulls it a distance of 20 m along level
ground. The total weight of sled and load is 14,700 N.
The tractor exerts a constant 5000-N force at an angle of
36.9° above the horizontal. There is a 3500-N friction
force opposing the sled's motion. Find the work done by
each force acting on the sled and the total work done by
all the forces.
Example #1

Wtot  W1  W2  W3  
Wtot = 10 kJ
or
Wtot  Fnet s cos 
 Example #2
• Suppose the initial speed v1 of the sled shown below is 2.0
m/s. What is the speed of the sled after it moves 20 m?

v2 = 4.2 m/s

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 Example #3
•A
  loaded grocery cart is rolling across a parking lot in a
strong wind. You apply a constant force to the cart as it
undergoes a displacement . How much work does the force
you apply do on the grocery cart?

W = -150 J

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LET’S HAVE A MINUTE OF
SILENCELord, I receive every blessing, every miracle, and
every healing that You want to give me today.
And because of this, I will become a rich blessing
to others.
Lord, I surrender my future to you.
I place my entire life into Your hands.
I also surrender my family and friends into
Your care, knowing that You love them more
than I can ever love them.
I pray all these with a trusting heart, in
Jesus’ name,
Amen!