IoT & Web Technology

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 IoT & Web Technology
Contents
 Introduction
 IoT today
 Time for convergence
 Towards the IoT Universe
 IoT vision
 IoT Strategic Research & Innovation Directions
 IoT applications
 Future Internet technologies

 Security, Privacy & Trust

 IoT related standardization
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Dr Renuka Devi S M ,GNITS
 Introduction : IoT
 The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to the
ever-growing network of physical
objects that feature an IP address for
Internet connectivity, and the
communication occurs between these
objects and other Internet-enabled
devices and systems.

 IoT extends Internet connectivity beyond

traditional devices like desktop, laptop,
smart phones, tablets, etc.
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Dr Renuka Devi S M ,GNITS
 Introduction :IoT
IoT is an environment in which objects, animals
or people are provided with unique identifiers
and the ability to transfer data over a network
without requiring h uman -to - human or
human-to-computer interaction.

 IoT has evolved from due to

convergence of Wireless technologies,
Micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS)
and the Internet.

 The concept may also be referred to as the

Internet of Everything
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Dr Renuka Devi S M ,GNITS
 Thing in IoT
A thing in IoT can be
•a person with a heart monitor implant,
•a farm animal  with biochip transponder,
•an automobile that has built in sensors to
alert driver when tire pressure is low,
•or any other natural or man –made
object that can be assigned an IP address
and provided an ability to transfer data
over network.

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Dr Renuka Devi S M ,GNITS
 Rule of Future
The new rule for future is going t o be
“Any thing that can be connected, can be connected ”.

 But why on earth would you want so many devices talking

t o each other?

 There are many examples for what this look like or what
the potential value m i g ht be.

 What i f your alarm clocks wakes up you at 6am and then

notifies your coffee maker to start brewing coffee for you?

 The reality is that IoT allows for virtually endless

opportunities and connections t o take place

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 IoT Introduction:Applications
There are potential IoT application areas, like
o
Smart cities (and regions)
o
Smart car and mobility
o
Smart home and assisted living
o
Smart industries
o
Public safety
o
Energy and environmental protecti on
o
Agriculture and tourism, etc.
• Majority of governments in Europe, in Asia and
in the Americas consider now IoT as an area on
innovati on and research.(IEEE IoT Transactions)
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Dr Renuka Devi S M ,GNITS
 Rule of Future
 As IoT continues to develop, further
potential is estimated by a combination
with related technology approaches and
concepts such as cloud computing, future
Internet, Robotics, big data and Semantic
technologies.

 However IoT is still maturing, in particular

due to number of factors, which limit full
exploitation of the IoT due to the factors
stated below.

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Estimate of devices & Market share

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Estimate of devices

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Dr Renuka Devi S M ,GNITS
 IoT Today:
Factors that limit full exploitation of the IoT:
1. No clear approach for the utilization of unique identifiers and
numbering spaces for various kinds of persistent and volatile
objects at a global scale.
2. No accelerated use and further development of IoT reference
architectures.
3. Less rapid advance in semantic interoperability for exchanging
sensor information in heterogeneous environments.
4. Difficulties in developing a clear approach for enabling
innovation, trust and ownership of data in the IoT while at the
same time respecting security and privacy in a complex
environment.

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IoT ecosystem

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 The Internet of Things Today
5. Difficulties in developing business which embraces the full
potential of the Internet of Things.
6. Missing large-scale testing and learning environments, which
both facilitate the experimentation with complex sensor
networks and stimulate innovation through reflection and
experience
7. Only partly deployed rich interfaces in light of a growing
amount of data.
8. Practical aspects like substantial roaming-charges for
geographically large-range sensor applications and missing
technical availability of instant and reliable network
connectivity.

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 Time for Convergence:
Internet of Things evolution will be the coherence of efforts on all
levels towards innovation . In case of the IoT community this would
mean that out of many possible “coherence horizons”
• Coherence of object capabilities and behaviour:
• Coherence of application interactivity:
• Coherence of corresponding
technology approaches
• Coherence of real and virtual worlds

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The Internet of Things is Everywhere:
•For providers of networking equipment and applications, the IoT
potentially represents a huge market opportunity.
•Several trends have emerged over the past several years that are
working together to shape the emerging IoT market:
–Rapid growth of data and analytics capabilities enabled by
cloudcomputing
–Rapid growth in smart mobile devices
–Increasing interconnectivity between industrial, operational, and
smart mobile devices.
–Convergence of industrial and enterprise networks that enable
applications such as video surveillance, smart meters, asset tracking,
fleet management, digital health monitoring, and a host of other next
generation connected services.
•The amount and types of traffic traversing the Internet will change in
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Dr Renuka Devi S M ,GNITS
 Towards the IoT Universe(s)
• Fostering of a consistent, interoperable and accessible Internet of Things
across sectors, including standardisation.
• Directing effort and attention to important societal application areas such
as health and environment, including focus on low energy consumption.
• Offering orientation on security, privacy, trust and ethical aspects in the
scope of current legislation and development of robust and future-proof
general data protection rules.
• Providing resources like spectrum, allowing pan-European service
provision and removal of barriers such as roaming.
• Maintaining the Internet of Things as an important subject for
international cooperation both for sharing best practices and developing
coherent strategies.

Conclusion :
• Concepts and basic foundations have been elaborated and reached
maturity, further efforts are necessary for unleashing the full potential.
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 IoT Vision
The goal of the Internet of Things is to enable things to be connected
anytime, anyplace, with anything and anyone ideally using any
path/network and any service. Internet of Things is a new
revolution of the Internet.

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Dr Renuka Devi S M ,GNITS
 IoT vision
• Objects make themselves recognizable and they obtain intelligence by
making or enabling context related decisions thanks to the fact that they
can communicate information about themselves and they can access
information that has been aggregated by other things, or they can be
components of complex services.
• The Internet of Things makes use of synergies that are generated by the
convergence of Consumer, Business and Industrial. The convergence
creates the open, global network connecting people, data, and things.
• The use of platforms is being driven by transformative technologies such
as cloud, things, and mobile.
• The Internet of Things and Services makes it possible to create networks
incorporating the entire manufacturing process that convert factories
into a smart environment.
• The cloud enables a global infrastructure to generate new services,
allowing anyone to create content and applications
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IoT Vision

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Dr Renuka Devi S M ,GNITS
 IoT Vision
• Enabling technologies such as Nanoelectronics, MEMS, embedded
systems, intelligent device management, smart phones,
telematics, smart network infrastructure, cloud computing and
software technologies will create new products, new services, new
interfaces by creating smart environments and smart spaces with
applications ranging from Smart Cities, smart transport, buildings,
energy, grid, to smart health and life.

• Enabling technologies for the IoT can be grouped into three

categories:
• i) technologies that enable “things” to acquire contextual
information
• ii) technologies that enable “things” to process contextual
information, and
• iii) technologies to improve security and privacy.
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 Enabling Technologies
• The first two categories are functional building blocks
Required for building “intelligence” into “things”.
• The third category is not a functional but a must
requirement, without which the penetration of the IoT
would be severely reduced.
• Internet of Things developments implies that the
environments, cities, buildings, vehicles, clothing, portable
devices and other objects have more and more information
associated with them and/or the ability to sense,
communicate, network and produce new information. In
addition the network technologies have to cope with the
new challenges such as very high data rates, dense crowds
of users, low latency, low energy, low cost and a massive
number of devices.
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Convergence of Technologies

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 IoT

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 IoT Defination
• The use of IP to communicate / control small devices and
sensors opens the way for the convergence of large, IT-
oriented networks with real time and specialized networked
applications
Gartner identifies four basic usage models that are emerging:
• Manage
• Monetize
• Operate
• Extend
• Since things refer to people, things, information, and places,
and therefore the “Internet of Things” will be succeeded by
the “Internet of Everything

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Dr Renuka Devi S M ,GNITS
 IoT Characteristics
The fundamental characteristics of the IoT are as follows [65]:
• Interconnectivity: Anything can be interconnected with the global
information and communication infrastructure.
• Things-related services: The IoT is capable of providing thing-related services
such as privacy protection and semantic consistency between physical things
and their associated virtual things.
• Heterogeneity: The devices in the IoT are heterogeneous as based on different
hardware platforms and networks. They can interact with other devices or
service platforms through different networks.
• Dynamic changes: The state of devices change dynamically, e.g., sleeping and
waking up, connected and/or disconnected as well as the context of devices
including location and speed. The number of devices can change dynamically.
• Enormous scale: The number of devices that need to be managed to
communicate will be larger than the devices connected to the current Internet
having device-triggered communication. Also the management of data
generated and their interpretation for application purposes will be critical .
This relates to semantics of data, as well as efficient data handling.
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 IoT definition
• The Internet of Things is not a single technology, it’s a concept in
which most new things are connected and enabled such as street
lights being networked and things like embedded sensors, image
recognition functionality, augmented reality, near field
communication are integrated into situational decision support,
asset management and new services. These bring many business
opportunities and add to the complexity of IT
• Internet of Things is a “global concept” and requires a common
definition. There is an heterogeneous mix of communication
technologies, which need to be adapted in order to address the
needs of IoT applications such as energy efficiency, security, and
reliability.
• The rapid convergence of information and communications
technology is taking place at three layers of technology innovation:
the cloud, data and communication pipes/networks and device as
in Figure
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Three layered Technology innovation

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Layered Architecture

IoT Layered Architecture (Source: IERC)

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Dr Renuka Devi S M ,GNITS
 IoT Layered Architecture

Detailed IoT Layered Architecture with network &Service Organization (Source: IERC)
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Services & Technologies

The IoT: Different Services, Technologies, Meanings for Everyone

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IoT Defination

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IoT Strategic Research and Innovation Directions
• The development of enabling technologies like
nanoelectronics, communications, sensors, smart phones,
embedded systems, cloud, networking, network
virtualization and software will be essential to provide to
things the capability to be connected all the time
everywhere.
• This will also support important future IoT product
innovations affecting many different industrial sectors.
• Some of these technologies such as embedded or cyber-
physical systems form the edges of the Internet of Things
bridging the gap between cyber space and the physical world
of real things, and are crucial in enabling the Internet of
Things to become a part of “systems of systems”.
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IoT — Enabling Technologies

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 IoT SRIA -Enabling Technologies
Final Key Enabling Technologies (KET) identified by High-
Level Expert Group that are crucial to many of the
existing and future value chains of the European
economy:
• Nanotechnologies.
• Micro and Nano electronics
• Photonics
• Biotechnology
• Advanced Materials
• Advanced Manufacturing Systems
• IPv6 for global deployment in enabling a global and
unique addressing
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 IoT SRID-Trends
More Moore: Minaturisation of semiconductor devices with minimum power
requirement

More-than-Moore: Functional diversification of semiconductor-based devices. These

non-digital functionalities do contribute to the miniaturization of electronic systems.
Multicom chips: Seamless integration of existing
Wi-Fi networks into the mobile ecosystem. Integration work is likely done by
baseband manufacturers (ultra -low power solutions) rather than by handset
producers.
CPS: Integrated networking, information processing, sensing and actuation capabilities
allow physical devices to operate in changing environments. Tightly coupled cyber
and physical systems that exhibit high level of integrated intelligence, computational
and physical processes of such systems are tightly interconnected and coordinated to
work together effectively with or without humans.
Eg: Robots, intelligent buildings, implantable medical devices, vehicles that
drive themselves or planes that automatically fly in a controlled airspace.
CPS: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U7y1wiYqHDc

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