LEADERSHIP

PRESENTED BY:
NEHA BARARI
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
SNSR
 LEADERSHIP
STYLES AND ITS
FUNCTION
 INTRODUCTIO
Leadership isNthe process of influencing the
thought and action of the other people to
attain the desired objectives.
A leadership style is a way of providing
direction, implementing plan and motivating
people.
Good leadership is to win the support of
the people.
Every leader may not be a good manager
but every manager must be a good leader.
 DEFINITION OF
LEADERSHIP
• “The quality of behaviour of individual
where by they guide people on their
activities in
organizing efforts.” -Chestar Barnaid.
• “Leadership is a process of influencing
others to attain goals” - Little field.
• “Leadership is the knack of getting other
people to follow you and to do willingly
the things you want them to do” – LR.
Bittle
 IMPORTANCE OF
LEADERSHIP
i.Determination of goal.
ii.Organisation of activities.
iii.Achieving co-ordination.
iv.Representation of workers.
v.Providing guidance.
vi.Inspiration of employees.
vii.Building employees
morale. viii.Facilitating
changes.
 FUNCTION OF THE
1) GoalLEADER
setter.
2) Planner.
3) Executive.
4) Expert .
5) External group representative.
6) Surrogate for individual representative.
7) Controller of internal relationship within
the organization.
 Cont.
.
8)Administrator of rewards and punishment.
9)Arbitrator and mediator.
10)Exemplar.
11)Symbol of the
group. 12)Ideologist .
13)Father figure.
14)Scapegoat.
(burdened wih sins of
ohers)
 QUALITIES OF A
1. Managerial abilities:
LEADER.
 Plan ,organizes, make decision effective encourages
cooperative and coordination.
 Assists nurse subordination in solving the problems
and provides consistent feedback.
 Provide rationale for difficult decision.
 Assess abilities of the worker guides them to
develop new skill.
 Know his job and does it well and has confidence in
self and others.
 Welcome different opinion and is more interested in
giving than receiving.
 Provides the worker with adequate facilities.
2. Interpersonal relationship:
 Show supportive and caring behaviour.
 Is a good listener and sensitive to the
other needs.
 Guides and motivates to act and
work together with all types of
workers.
 Establishes relationship and is able to
work with other harmoniously.
3.Temperament ( Nature of person):

 Reliable ,open, honest and sincere.

 Show a sense of humor, tactful, friendly
and loyal.
 Calm and charismatic, modest and patient.
 Positive, energetic, hard worker, happy,
and enthusiastic.
 Show a balance between work and home-
life on personal life.
4. Credibility and forward thinking:
 Act as a role model and influence
others.
 Act as a activist.
 Challenger and creative thinker.
 Change with agent innovator
 Risk taken and courageous.
 Act as a facilitator and solution seeker
5. Professionalism :
 Committed to the profession.
 Maintain confidentiality.
 Instill hope and pridreen the profession.
 Stand for right while considering other’s
rght (assertive)
6. Advocacy:
 Act as an advocate for nursing profession .
 Act as patient advocate.
 Act as an advocate for nursing education
and of student for the right and standard.
VI. TYPE OF
LEADERSHIP
a) AUTOCRATIC LEADERSHIP-
a) Autocratic or authorian leadership:
 The leader alone establishes polices and make
plans.
 He instruct employees about the job and in
return demand strict obedience and relies on
power.
 The leader arranges physical set-up so that
people cannot form the social group.
 The psychological needs of employees is
not considered.
 The mutual trust is virtually eliminated .
(contd)
 Criterion used by authoritarian leader-
-“Do what as I said or else”
-“Do as I say because I am good to
you”
• PERSONALITY OF AUTOCRATIC LEADER:
1. Has higher concern for work than for the
people who perform the ask.
2. Uses the effort of workers the best possible
advantages, show no regard to the interest
of employees.
3. Set rigid standard and method of
performances and the subordinates to obey
the rules,
4. Make all decision and passes orders to
workers.
• (contd)
6.There is minimal group participation or non at
all from the workers.

7.Think that what he/she plans and does is best.

May listen to them but not influenced by their
suggestion.

8.Has no trust or confidence in subordinates.

9.Exercise power , manipulates subordinate to act

according to his goal plans and stays at the
centre of attraction.
 TYPES OF AUTOCRATIC LEADERSHIP:
1.Strict autocrat:
It is one who relies on negative influences and gives
order that must be obey without question. The
subordinates behaviour is motivated negatively by
imposing penalty, criticism.
-“Do what as I said or else”
2.Benevolent autocrat:
It is the one who uses a positive motivation style.
he disperse reward to his group. This is effective in
getting higher productivity.
- “ Do as I say because I am good to
you”
• Merit of autocratic leadership:
1. It can increases quality of work, save time and
get fast result , especially in emergency.
2. It work well with employees who feel
insecure with freedom and minor decision
making.

• Demerit of autocratic leadership:

1. The leader get little information and ideas
from employees.
2. One-way communication lead to
communication break down, misunderstanding
and costly error.
3. Lead to loss of human dignity, low morale,
B. DEMOCRATIC/ PARTICIPATIVE/
PERSON ORIENTED
LEADERSHIP
 B. DEMOCRATIC
• LEADERSHIP
In this type of leadership the whole team is
involved and accept responsibilities for
setting and achieving goal.
• The leader shows concern for his people than
for higher production.
• The leader is not the key figure as in
autocratic leadership.
• The leader work more as agent , therefore
the team is not dependence on him and can
work effectively in his absence.
 • Demerit of democratic leadership:

1. Participation of each member may

take enormous amount of time.

2. If not exercise properly may degenerate

into complete loss of leadership ‘s control.

3. This style can be used by some leader as

way of avoiding responsibilities.
C. LAISSEZ-FAIRE/ FREE REIGN
/DELEGATIVE LEADERSHIP
 C. LAISSEZ-FAIRE/ FREE REIGN /
DELE GATIVE LEADERSHIP
• The word “ Laissez –Faire” means the non
– interferences in the affair of others.
• In this type of leadership, the leader has
absolutely no control , but only gives
information, material and facilities to
accomplishes the desired goal.
• This type can be a complete failure if leader is
not aware of integrity and abilities of
employees.
• The leader gives up all power to the group.
• Characteristic of Free-Reign leadership
1. Independent activity.
2. Interest of the leader.
3. Independent thinking rewarded.
4. Free to set their own goal.
5. Effective for highly motivated
professionals.
6. Power given to the group.
• Merit of Free-Reign leadership:
1. Allow employees to take decision.
2. The group collectively assumes leadership.

• Demerit of Free-reign Leadership:

1. The leader exert little or no influence on the
grou member.
2. There is lack of central direction,
supervision coordination and control.
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THREE TYPES OF LEADERSHIP
CHARACTERISTIC AUTOCRATIC DEMOCRATIC LAISSEZ-FAIRE
Decision making Employees not Employees & Employees take
involved only leader collectively decision but leader
leader take takes decision is still responsible.
decision
Situation where When leader live When leader have When employees
to used short of time and part of are able to
is having all information and analyse the
information. employees have situation and able
other part of to determine the
information needs.
Motivation Less motivated Motivated as Motivated as
employees. involved in decision free to teke
making decision.
inference Full inference Inference from No inference by
by leader as he both part i.e’ leader.
is boosing employees and
people around leader.
Productive Highly productive Less productive Less productive
than other
two.
 TYPES OF EADERSHIP STYLE IN NURSING
1. Charismatic leadership:
 It is characterized by emotional relationship
between leader and his group members in which
the leader inspires others by obtaining an emotional
commitment from follower and arousing strong
feeling of loyalty and enthusiasm.
 The follower may be able to overcome extreme
hardship to achieve the goal because of their faith
in the leader.
2. Transactional leadership:

• It is based on reward and punishment.

• When the work is allocated to workers

by transactional leaders, they are fully
responsible.

• On success they get reward and on

failure, they are punished.
 3. Transformational leadership
style
• The transformational leader put passion
and energy into everything and care about
employees and encourage them to
succeed.
• The leader take every opportunity and will
use whatever works to convince others the
stair of success.
 4.ATTRIBUTED
LEADERSHIP :
• In this. the perception of follower are not
the behaviour or characteristic of leaders.
• The attributed leader has a well balanced
intellect(IQ), mind (EQ) and
multidisciplinary (holistic perspective),
• The leader listen more, speak less,
observe more and conclude less and use
“we” more than “I”.
 5.PARTICIPATIVE
LEADERSHIP
• The leader involves the employees in taking
decision due to which the employees are
more committed to action.

• It is believed that several people

together make decision better than one
person.
 6.SITUATIONAL
•
LEADERSHIP:
In this the decision taken by the leader are
not same in every situation.
• The leader decision differ according to
the situation.
• Factor influencing decision making are:
 Motivation and capability of the
followers.
 Relationship between follower and
leader.
 Leader’s perception of himself.
 Stress and mood of leader and
 X. LEADERSHIP
THEORY
1. TRAIT APPROACH/ TRAIT THEORY
OF LEADERSHIP:
 This theory is describes by Kelly(1974)
attempt to classify what personality
characteristic such as physical personality
and mental are associated with
leadership success.
 Trait theory belief that leader were born
with quality that determines leadership
ability.
• A lengthy list of trait are as below-
1.Physical characteristic.
2.Back ground characteristic.
3.Intelligences.
4.Personality.
5.Task oriented
characteristic. 6.Social
characteristic.
• Example of Trait Leader in India- Mahatma
Gandhi, PT.Jawaharlal Nehru, Sardar Vallah Bhai
Patel.
 2.BEHAVOIURAL
• APPROACH
This theory declare that “good leader are
not born, but can be trained to be
effective”.
• A leader can be trained in the given three
skill below-
1.Technical skill- person knowledge
and proficiency in doing his work.
2.Human skill- ability to work effectively
with people and built team work.
3.Conceptual skill- deal with ideas and
enable manger to devise plan.
 (contd
)
• Behavioral theory lead to development
of classification of leader into:
1. Autocratic leadership/ Authorian /
Work Approach or Directive
leadership.
2. Democratic / Partucipative /Consultative
or Person oriented leadership.
3. Free-Reign / Laissez Faire leadership.
 3.SITUATIONAL
THEORY
 According to this theory, a leader is a
product of a given situation and the
behavior may infact, may vary from one
situation.
 And important aspect of this theory is the
interaction between the group and its
leader, people tend to follow the person
who is capable of fulfilling their desires
 Four situational variables that effect
the performances of leadership,
• They are-
• Differences between culture
• Differences between individual
• Differences between jobs
• Differences between
organization.
 4. MANEGERIAL GRID
• THEORY
Developed by Blake and Mountain, it focuses
on various combinations of leadership styles.
1.Concern for people(Relationship orientation) is
identified as the extent to which a manager has
personal relationship.
2. Concern for production (Task orientation) is
define as the extent to which the manager
directs his subordinates effort towards goal
achievement Impoverished.
• The five leadership style based on the managerial grid
theory are
 shows very little concern for production as well as
people. 
 he gives his full attention to the needs of the employees
and keeps them happy. He shows little care for
production .
 leader, places equal emphasis on production and the
people working for the organization.
 production oriented as he shows maximum concern for
production
 emphasizes on adequate organization performance by
balancing employee needs as well as production
requirements. 
 6.LIKERT MANAGEMENT
• BySYSTEM
involving the employee in structuring the work
and the work environment, a manager can
effectively lead people towards achieving
organizational goals.
• 4 system of management in term of leadership
styles as below;
 System 1:Exploitative autocratic.
 System 2:Basic violent autocrat.
 System 3: Participative
 System 4: Consultative
1:Exploitative autocratic
do not involve the subordinates in any decision
making. He uses fear, threat, rewards or
punishments to coerce the subordinates into
compliance.
2:Basic violent autocrat.
The leader-employee relationship for him is like a
master- servant relationship. A leader trusts his
employees have enough confidence in them to
seek and use their ideas. He is benevolent enough
to allow some delegation in decision making and
uses rewards or punishments to extract
performance from his subordinates.
3. Participative
Leaders functioning in democratic style believe
in open communication within the group and
facilitate involvement of the workers in the
decision making process. 
4. Consultative Leadership Style is
exhibited by those managers who display so
much confidence in their subordinates that they
consult them before taking any decision related
to organization function.
 CONCLUSIO
• N strength lies in its leadership.
An Organization
Leadership is a shared process for a leader
and his follower to work together to attain
goal.
• Leadership style is the way of providing
direction, implementory plans and
motives people.
• Leader has to adopt a style which fit into
their subordinates personalities as well as
the task in the hand to achieve maximum
effectiveness and efficiency.
THANK
YOU