Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
COSC459_PPT3
Building Construction Types
All construction types must be classified into the following
six types:
1. Frame Construction (ISO Class I, IBC Type V)
2. Joisted Masonry (ISO Class 2, IBC Type III, IBC Type
IV)
3. Light Noncombustible (ISO Class 3, IBC Type IIB)
4. Masonry Noncombustible (ISO Class 4, IBC Type IIA)
5. Modified Fire Resistive (ISO Class 5, IBC Type IB)
6. Fire Resistive (ISO Class 6, IBC Type IA)
IBC & ISO
• International Building Code (IBC) by
International Code Council
http://codes.iccsafe.org/
http://www.wikihow.com/Determine-a-Building%27s-Construction-Type
Overview for Assessing Construction Type
http://www.wikihow.com/Determine-a-Building%27s-Construction-Type
To determine ISO Class
To determine the ISO class of the building, we must
know the following composition of the building
elements:
Structural frame
Bearing walls (interior and exterior)
Floor construction
Roof construction
What the fire rating of the materials
http://www.wikihow.com/Determine-a-Building%27s-Construction-Type
International Building Code (IBC) versus
Insurance Services Office (ISO):
International Building Code (IBC): This is a model building code developed by
the International Code Council (ICC). A large portion of the International
Building Code deals with fire prevention. It differs from the related
International Fire Code in that the IBC handles fire prevention in regards to
construction and design and the fire code handles fire prevention in an
ongoing basis. IBC is more descriptive and also includes A or B types of
construction for each class.
http://www.wikihow.com/Determine-a-Building%27s-Construction-Type
Insurance Services Office (ISO): This is a
provider of data, underwriting, risk
management and legal/regulatory services
to property-casualty insurers and other
clients.
http://www.wikihow.com/Determine-a-Building%27s-Construction-Type
1. Frame Construction (ISO Class I, IBC Type V)
Building elements:
Frame buildings are buildings with exterior walls, floors, and roofs
with combustible construction — or buildings with exterior walls of
noncombustible or slow-burning construction with combustible floors
and roofs.
Frame buildings generally have roof, floor, and supports of
combustible material, usually wood, and combustible interior walls.
http://www.wikihow.com/Determine-a-Building%27s-Construction-Type
1. Frame Construction (ISO Class I, IBC Type V) Continued..
http://www.wikihow.com/Determine-a-Building%27s-Construction-Type
1. Frame Construction (ISO Class I, IBC Type V) Continued..
Advantages:
easy to erect and alter
economical
versatile
performs well in Earthquake areas – can move
Disadvantages:
fire can spread rapidly
highly damageable
may become unstable in a fire
may include enclosed spaces where fire can spread undetected
http://www.wikihow.com/Determine-a-Building%27s-Construction-Type
http://academics.triton.edu/faculty/fheitzman/BUILDING%20STR
(Type V Construction) UCTURE%20TYPES.html
Type V Construction
http://desource.uvu.edu/ctc/iaco/iaco_01.php
Type V Construction
http://www.arch.ttu.edu/courses/2013/spring/3502_perl/Bhatti/03/Codes.html
2. Joisted Masonry (ISO Class 2, IBC Type III, IBC Type IV)
http://www.wikihow.com/Determine-a-Building%27s-Construction-Type
2. Joisted Masonry (ISO Class 2, IBC Type III, IBC Type IV)
Continued..
http://www.wikihow.com/Determine-a-Building%27s-Construction-Type
2. Joisted Masonry (ISO Class 2, IBC Type III, IBC Type IV)
Continued..
Advantages:
harder to ignite
consumed more slowly by fire
more structural stability
greater salvage value
lack of concealed spaces (Heavy Timber)
Disadvantages:
floors and roofs of combustible materials subject to damage by fire
presence of concealed spaces
http://www.wikihow.com/Determine-a-Building%27s-Construction-Type
WOOD POST
AND BEAM
(Type IV
Construction)
http://academics.triton.edu/faculty/fheitzman/BUILDING%20STRUC
TURE%20TYPES.html
3. Light Noncombustible (ISO Class 3,
IBC Type IIB)
Classification: Light Noncombustible construction is ISO Class 3. ISO
Class 3 encompasses IBC Type IIB (unprotected).
http://www.wikihow.com/Determine-a-Building%27s-Construction-Type
3. Light Noncombustible (ISO Class 3, IBC Type IIB) Continued
Advantages:
easy to erect
economical to build
uses materials that don’t readily burn
Disadvantages:
contains steel, which loses strength at high temperatures
highly damageable buildings
unstable buildings under fire conditions
uses slow-burning materials that do burn — adding fuel to a fire
http://www.wikihow.com/Determine-a-Building%27s-Construction-Type
WOOD ROOF TRUSS
(Type III or V
Construction)
http://academics.triton.edu/faculty/fheitzman/BUILDING%20STRUC
TURE%20TYPES.html
4. Masonry Noncombustible (ISO Class 4,
IBC Type IIA)
Classification: Masonry Noncombustible construction is ISO Class 4. ISO
Class 4 encompasses IBC Type Type IIA (protected).
http://www.wikihow.com/Determine-a-Building%27s-Construction-Type
4. Masonry Noncombustible (ISO Class 4, IBC Type IIA) Continued..
Advantages:
Disadvantages:
• Uses unprotected steel for interior members of floors and roof, and
steel loses strength and becomes less stable and more damageable at
high temperatures
• Uses slow-burning materials that do burn — adding fuel to a fire
http://www.wikihow.com/Determine-a-Building%27s-Construction-Type
STEEL FRAME
(Type I or II
Construction)
http://academics.triton.edu/faculty/fheitzman/BUILDING%20STRUC
TURE%20TYPES.html
SPACE FRAME
(Type I or II
Construction)
http://academics.triton.edu/faculty/fheitzman/BUILDING%20STRUC
TURE%20TYPES.html
5. Modified Fire Resistive (ISO Class 5,
IBC Type IB)
Classification: Modified Fire Resistive construction is ISO Class 5. ISO
Class 5 encompasses IBC Type IB.
Building elements: Modified Fire Resistive Buildings are buildings
where the exterior bearing walls and load-bearing portions of exterior
walls must be of noncombustible materials or of masonry, but exterior
nonbearing walls and wall panels may be slow-burning, combustible,
or with no fire- resistance rating.
• Buildings with exterior walls, floors, and roofs of masonry materials
described in the definition of fire resistive (Construction Class 6) —
less thick than required for fire-resistive structures but not less than
four inches thick, or
• Fire-resistive materials with a fire-resistance rating less than two hours
but not less than one hour
http://www.wikihow.com/Determine-a-Building%27s-Construction-Type
5. Modified Fire Resistive (ISO Class 5, IBC Type IB) Continued
Advantages:
Disadvantages:
http://www.wikihow.com/Determine-a-Building%27s-Construction-Type
6. Fire Resistive (ISO Class 6, IBC Type IA)
Building elements: The exterior bearing walls and load-bearing portions of exterior walls
must be of noncombustible materials or of masonry, but exterior nonbearing walls and
wall panels may be slow burning, combustible, or with no fire-resistance rating.
Walls:
solid masonry, including reinforced concrete not less than four inches thick
hollow masonry not less than 12 inches (30.5 cm) thick
hollow masonry less than 12 inches (30.5 cm) thick, but not less than eight inches thick
with a listed fire-resistance rating of not less than two hours
assemblies with not less than a two-hour fire-resistance rating
Floors and roofs:
reinforced concrete not less than four inches thick
assemblies with not less than a two-hour fire-resistance rating
Structural metal supports:
Horizontal and vertical load-bearing protected metal supports — including pre stressed
and post tensioned concrete units — with not less than a two-hour fire-resistance rating
http://www.wikihow.com/Determine-a-Building%27s-Construction-Type
6. Fire Resistive (ISO Class 6, IBC Type IA) Continued..
Advantages:
uses noncombustible materials
allows greater height and area than other construction classes
uses load-bearing members or assemblies that resist damage from fire
Disadvantages:
http://www.wikihow.com/Determine-a-Building%27s-Construction-Type
STEEL JOISTS
(Type II
Construction)
http://academics.triton.edu/faculty/fheitzman/BUILDING%20STRUC
TURE%20TYPES.html
LIGHTWEIGHT
STEEL FRAME
(Type II
Construction)
http://academics.triton.edu/faculty/fheitzman/BUILDING%20STRUC
TURE%20TYPES.html
FLAT PLATE
CONCRETE
(Type I
Construction)
http://academics.triton.edu/faculty/fheitzman/BUILDING%20STRUC
TURE%20TYPES.html
POST-TENSIONED
CONCRETE FRAME
(Type I Construction)
http://academics.triton.edu/faculty/fheitzman/BUILDING%20STRUC
TURE%20TYPES.html
PRECAST
CONCRETE
FRAME
(Type I
Construction)
http://academics.triton.edu/faculty/fheitzman/BUILDING%20STRUC
TURE%20TYPES.html
https://services.online.missouri.edu/ex
ec/data/courses2/9050/lesson01/lesso
n01.asp
https://www.nfpa.org/Assets/files/
AboutTheCodes/220/220_A2014_
BLD-
BLC_FD_FirstDraftforballot.pdf
www.hhs.iup.edu/cjanicak/.../SAF
E%20674%20Class
%203%202012.ppt
Example:
NFPA 220 Type I (443) - The three Arabic
numerals in parentheses following the
Roman numeral indicate the fire resistance
of the exterior bearing walls, structural
frame, and floor, respectively.
http://surveyortraining.cms.hhs.gov/ALSC/documents/Construction_Types_with_Highli
ght.pdf
http://surveyortraining.cms.hhs.gov/ALSC/L1/L1_40t1_65.aspx
Correlating
Building Codes
http://surveyortraining.cms.hhs.gov/ALSC/L1/L1_40t1_70.aspx
http://www.iccsafe.org/
2015 International Building Code
http://codes.iccsafe.org/app/book/toc/2015/I-
Codes/2015%20IBC%20HTML/index.html
http://my.firefighternation.com/group/buildingconstruc
tionfirefightersafety/forum/topics/types-of-building-
construction?
q=group/buildingconstructionfirefightersafety/forum/t
opics/types-of-building-construction
http://surveyortraining.cms.hhs.gov
/ALSC/L1/L1_20.aspx
http://www.fireengineering.com/articles/2013/05/c
onstruction-concerns--construction-types-and-fire-
behavior.html
http://www.fireengineering.com/content/dam/fe/online-
articles/documents/2013/20130513havel_firebehavior.p
df