5.9 GHZ Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) Standards Development Update

5.
9 GHz
DEDICATED SHORT
RANGE
COMMUNICATION
(DSRC)
STANDARDS
DEVELOPMENT
UPDATE
DSRC_Stds_Update_02-10-02.PPT/02-10-02/bcash
5.9 GHz DSRC CONCEPT
5.9 GHz DSRC (Dedicated Short Range Communications) is a short to medium range
communications service that supports both Public Safety and Private operations in
roadside to vehicle and vehicle to vehicle communication environments. DSRC is
meant to be a complement to cellular communications by providing very high data
transfer rates in circumstances where minimizing latency in the communication link
and isolating relatively small communication zones are important.
ASTM 5.9 GHz DSRC STANDARDS
WRITING GROUP PARTICIPATION
• 3-M • MARK IV
• AASHTO • MiCOM Spa
• ACUNIA • MICHIGAN STATE DOT
• AMTECH • MITRETEK
• ARINC • MOTOROLA
• ARMSTRONG COUNSULTING • NISSAN
• ATHEROS • N.Y. THRUWAY AUTHORITY
• • OKI ELECTRIC
CALTRANS
• PATH
• DIAMLER-CHRYSLER
• RAYTHEON
• DENSO
• SIRIT
• GM
• SUMITOMO ELECTRIC
• GTRI
• TECHNOCOM
• HIGHWAY ELECTRONICS
• TOSHIBA
• HITACHI • TRANSCORE
• IDMICRO • VISTEON
• IMEC • WASHINGTON STATE DOT
• INTERSIL • Wi-LAN
• ITS-A
• JHU/APL
• KING COUNTY METRO TRANSIT
ASTM 5.9 GHz DSRC
STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITY
MEETINGS SINCE REPORT AND MEETINGS SINCE REPORT AND
ORDER ORDER
• October 1999 • June 2001
• December 1999 • July 2001
• February 2000 • August 2001*
• March 2000 • October 2001
• May 2000 • December 2001
• June 2000 • January 2001
• July 2000 • February 2002
• September 2000
• October 2000 MEETINGS CURRENTLY
• November 2000 SCHEDULED
• December 2000 • March 2002
• January 2001 • May 2002
• March 2001 • June 2002
• April 2001
• May 2001
* - Technology Selection Meeting
5.9 GHz DSRC TECHNOLOGY SELECTION
• The initial selection between the Motorola entry and the OFDM
forum entry was made by the ASTM E17.51 DSRC Standards
Writing Group on August 24, 2001.
• THE WINNER was the OFDM forum entry - IEEE 802.11a/RA

Physical Layer and the IEEE 802.11 Medium Access Control
(MAC) Layer. (RA – Road Access)
• The writing group selection was confirmed by letter ballot vote

of the Larger ASTM E17.51 subcommittee in October 2001.
• The ASTM DSRC STD XXXX* will be a modified version of IEEE

802.11a with 10 MHz wide channels instead of 20 MHz channels
and half the data rate. It will include the IEEE 802.11 Medium
Access Control (MAC) Layer with no anticipated changes.
* - ASTM Standard numbers are assigned only when complete
CURRENT 5.9 GHz DSRC
ARCHITECTURE CONFIGURATION
Resource Manager
CORE DSRC ARCHITECTURE Application/
Layers 3-7
IEEE 1455
5.9 GHz Resource Manager

North American Application/
CHANNEL OTHER
Architecture ISO ????/
MANAGER NETWORK
Specification IEEE ????
ASTM ????-A INTERFACE
Layer 2
System Layers 3 - 7 Logical Link Control/
5.9 GHz Management Application Layer (LLC)
Test Procedure Entity IEEE XXXX IEEE 802.2
Specification (SME) EXISTING
ASTM ????-T
STANDARDS
ASTM YYYY Layer 2

Layer 1/2
Medium Access Control
Physical Layer (PHY)
(MAC)
w /MAC /LLC REFs
IEEE 802.11
ASTM XXXX
Layer 1
Physical Layer/
- Standards that must be written (PHY)
IEEE 802.11a
- Standards that must be modified or completed
- Established Standards and procedures that are referenced as necessary
DSRC CAPABILITIES
(in the designated ITS RADIO SERVICE bands)
PARAMETERS 902 - 928 MHz Band 5850 - 5925 MHz Band

SPECTRUM USED 12 MHz (909.75 to 921.75 MHz) 75 MHz
DATA RATE 6 Mbps - 27 Mbps

0.5 Mbps
COVERAGE
Large distances between Overlapping communication zones needed
communication zones and allowed
ALLOCATION STATUS
Primary Status (high protection)
No protection
INTERFERENCE POTENTIAL
Sparsely located Military Radars,
Many 900 MHz Phones, Very Sparsely located Satellite Uplinks
Many Rail Car AEI Readers,
Many Spread Spectrum Devices,
MAXIMUM RANGE Wind Profile Radars
1000 m (~ 3000 ft)
CHANNEL CAPACITY
300 ft (at required- 30 dBm sensitivity)
POWER (Downlink) 7 channels
1 to 2 channels
POWER (Uplink) Nominally less than 33 dBm (2 W)*
Nominally less than 40 dBm (10 W)
Nominally less than 33 dBm (2 W)*
Nominally less than 6 dBm (< 4mW)
ITS RADIO SERVICE is the FCC Part 90 designation for the 915 MHz and 5.9 GHz DSRC spectrum
*Note - As a special case up to 44.77 dBm (30 W) may be use for qualified public safety applications.
5.9 GHz DSRC
BASIC OPERATING FACTORS
• PUBLIC SAFETY and PRIVATE APPLICATIONS share the band

• INTEROPERABILITY
• LICENSED OPERATION
• PUBLIC SAFETY INSTALLATION PRIORITY
• NON-MUTUAL EXCLUSIVITY FOR PRIVATE INSTALLATIONS
• LIMITED RANGE FOR PRIVATE OPERATIONS
• FREQUENCY COORDINATOR USED TO ASSIGN LICENSES
CURRENT 5.9 GHz DSRC STANDARD
WRITING GROUP ACTIVITIES
• Developing usage rules and licensing procedure recommendations
for the FCC
• Expect to submit FCC rule recommendations in April and June 2002
• Developing the Final draft of the Physical and MAC Layer Standards
• Expected L1/L2 standard completion in June 2002
NORTH AMERICAN
5.9 GHz DSRC
OPERATIONAL CONCEPT
/BAND PLAN
5.9 GHz DSRC OPERATIONAL
CONCEPT INTRODUCTION
5.9 GHz DSRC (Dedicated Short Range Communications) is a short to medium range
communications service that supports both Public Safety and Private operations in
roadside to vehicle and vehicle to vehicle communication environments. DSRC is
meant to be a complement to cellular communications by providing very high data
transfer rates in circumstances where minimizing latency in the communication link
and isolating relatively small communication zones are important. This briefing
outlines an approach to using the selected DSRC technology in a way that maximizes
the realization of the user requirements. The topics listed below are discussed in the
following charts and were used in the development of the concept of operation:
A. Applications
B. User Requirements Excerpts
C. Technology Characteristics
D. Channel Frequency Assignments
E. Basic Concepts
DSRC APPLICATIONS
PUBLIC SAFETY and PRIVATE
PUBLIC SAFETY PRIVATE
• APPROACHING EMERGENCY VEHICLE (WARNING) • ACCESS CONTROL
ASSISTANT (3) • DRIVE-THRU PAYMENT
• EMERGENCY VEHICLE SIGNAL PREEMPTION • PARKING LOT PAYMENT
• ROAD CONDITION WARNING • DATA TRANSFER / INFO FUELING (A)
• LOW BRIDGE WARNING – ATIS DATA
• WORK ZONE WARNING – DIAGNOSTIC DATA
• IMMINENT COLLISION WARNING (D) – REPAIR-SERVICE RECORD
• CURVE SPEED ASSISTANCE [ROLLOVER WARNING] (1) – VEHICLE COMPUTER PROGRAM UPDATES
• INFRASTRUCTURE BASED – STOP LIGHT ASSISTANT (2) – MAP and MUSIC DATA UPDATES
• INTERSECTION COLLISION WARNING/AVOIDANCE (4) – VIDEO UPLOADS
• HIGHWAY/RAIL [RAILROAD] COLLISION AVOIDANCE (10) • DATA TRANSFER / CVO / TRUCK STOP
• COOPERATIVE COLLISION WARNING [V-V] (5) • ENHANCED ROUTE PLANNING and GUIDANCE (6)
• GREEN LIGHT - OPTIMAL SPEED ADVISORY (8) • RENTAL CAR PROCESSING
• COOPERATIVE VEHICLE SYSTEM – PLATOONING (9) • UNIQUE CVO FLEET MANAGEMENT
• COOPERATIVE ADAPTIVE CRUISE CONTROL [ACC] (11) • DATA TRANSFER / TRANSIT VEHICLE (yard)
• VEHICLE BASED PROBE DATA COLLECTION (B) • TRANSIT VEHICLE REFUELING MANAGEMENT
• INFRASTRUCTURE BASED PROBE DATA COLLECTION • LOCOMOTIVE FUEL MONITORING
• INFRASTRUCTURE BASED TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT – • DATA TRANSFER / LOCOMOTIVE
[DATA COLLECTED from] PROBES (7)
• TOLL COLLECTION
• TRAFFIC INFORMATION (C) ATIS - Advanced Traveler Information Systems
CVO - Commercial Vehicle Operations
• TRANSIT VEHICLE DATA TRANSFER (gate) EV - Emergency Vehicles
• TRANSIT VEHICLE SIGNAL PRIORITY IDB - ITS Data Bus
• EMERGENCY VEHICLE VIDEO RELAY THRU – Through
• MAINLINE SCREENING V-V – Vehicle to Vehicle
• BORDER CLEARANCE (#) – Applications Submitted by GM/Ford/Chrysler
(A- Z) – Applications Submitted by Daimler-Chrysler
• ON-BOARD SAFETY DATA TRANSFER
• VEHICLE SAFETY INSPECTION
• DRIVER’S DAILY LOG
DSRC APPLICATIONS
by COMMUNICATION CATEGORIES
ALL VEHICLES - Short Range (0 – 15 m) ALL VEHICLES – Short - Medium Range (0 – 90 m)
• ACCESS CONTROL • TOLL COLLECTION
• TOLL COLLECTION • DATA TRANSFER / INFO FUELING (A)
• DATA TRANSFER / INFO FUELING (A) • DATA TRANSFER / CVO / TRUCK STOP
• TRAFFIC INFORMATION (C) • DATA TRANSFER / TRANSIT VEHICLE (yard)
• DRIVE-THRU PAYMENT • DATA TRANSFER / LOCOMOTIVE
• PARKING LOT PAYMENT
• INFRASTRUCTURE BASED PROBE DATA COLLECTION CVO – Short - Medium Range (0 – 90 m)
• RENTAL CAR PROCESSING
• MAINLINE SCREENING
• BORDER CLEARANCE
ALL VEHICLES - Extended Range (90 – 335 m)
• CURVE SPEED ASSISTANCE [ROLLOVER WARNING] (1)
• INFRASTRUCTURE BASED - STOP LIGHT ASSISTANT (2)
• UNIQUE CVO FLEET MANAGEMENT
• INTERSECTION COLLISION WARNING/AVOIDANCE (4) • DRIVER’S DAILY LOG
• COOPERATIVE COLLISION WARNING [V-V] (5) • VEHICLE SAFETY INSPECTION
• VEHICLE BASED PROBE DATA COLLECTION (B) • TRANSIT VEHICLE DATA TRANSFER (gate)
• COOPERATIVE ADAPTIVE CRUISE CONTROL (ACC)
• COOPERATIVE VEHICLE SYSTEM – PLATOONING (9) • TRANSIT VEHICLE REFUELING MANAGEMENT
• HIGHWAY/RAIL [RAILROAD] COLLISION AVOIDANCE (10) • LOCOMOTIVE FUEL MONITORING
• IMMINENT COLLISION WARNING (D) • ROLLOVER WARNING
• EMERGENCY VEHICLE VIDEO RELAY
• ROAD CONDITION WARNING
• LOW BRIDGE WARNING
• WORK ZONE WARNING
PUBLIC SAFETY - Long Range (300 – 1000 m)

• APPROACHING EMERGENCY VEHICLE ASSISTANT (3)
• EMERGENCY VEHICLE SIGNAL PREEMPTION
APPLICABILITY UNDER INVESTIGATION • TRANSIT VEHICLE SIGNAL PRIORITY
• GREEN LIGHT - OPTIMAL SPEED ADVISORY (8)
• ENHANCED ROUTE PLANNING and GUIDANCE (6)
• INFRASTRUCTURE BASED TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT –
(#) – Applications Submitted by GM/Ford/Chrysler
(A) – Applications Submitted by Daimler-Chrysler
CONCEPT/TECHNOLOGY REQUIREMENTS
USER REQUIREMENTS EXCERPTS
• Interoperability across North America - where All RSUs can communicate with
ALL OBUs and ALL OBUs can communicate to ALL other OBUs at the lowest tier
of capability. Also, tiered devices shall be implemented such that each level of
device can implement all the modes of operation of the levels of devices below it.
• All Weather Operation
• Two-way (roadside to vehicle) Communication
• Two-way (vehicle to vehicle) Communication subject to review of impact on
system requirements
• One-way Communication - Require broadcast capability without being part of a
net
• Extremely low latency in the order of milliseconds - Includes acquisition and data
transfer
• The system will support authentication and access controls (Layers 1 and 2 must
support security controls)
• The ISO L1 and L2 must be able to handle a large number of units in the
communication zone. On the order of 50 to 100. The system must not collapse
if this number is exceeded.
• Transaction Size -- 500 Bits to 100 Mbytes or more
• Traffic Speed -- 0 to 200 km/h (0 to 120 mph )
• Traffic Flow Rate -- 3000 v/h/l - (1 to 8 lanes)
• Minimum coordinated RSU Separation -- 3 m (10 ft)
CONCEPT/TECHNOLOGY REQUIREMENTS
USER REQUIREMENTS EXCERPTS (continued)
• Multimodal (road and rail)
• Must allow uncoordinated RSUs implementing different services on the same
channel to operate in close proximity -- 15 m (50 ft) or less - Enable acceptable
levels of interference between neighboring DSRC applications
• Broadcast Reception Range for all On-board Equipment -- 325 m (1100 ft) at a
standard selected RSE power output
• Communication zones shall be variable from 2 to 1000m (~7 to 3000 ft); i.e.,
• Transaction Success Rate -- 99.0 to 99.995 %
• Enable Licensed Operation
• Implement Vehicle Location
• Implement Lane Discrimination (implies specification on antenna type and
OBU mounting)
• Implement a High Density of Applications
• Support Multiple Overlapping Communication Zones
• Meet FCC, Industry Canada, and Mexican Government Regulations
• Enable An Entry Level - low cost - device
• Does Not Require Usage Fees
• Multimodal (road and rail)
• The OBU must be able to negotiate the frequency of operation
• Must provide prioritized media access
GREEN - Primary Influence on Concept

5.9 GHz DSRC TECHNOLOGY
CHARACTERISTICS
• Approach: Active
• Bandwidth: 75 MHz (5.850 - 5.925 GHz)
• Modulation: QPSK OFDM (with 16QAM and 64QAM options) (BPSK preamble)
• Channels: 7 - 10 MHz channels (optional combinations of 10 and 20 MHz channels)
• Data Rate: 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, and 27 Mbps with 10 MHz Channels (3 Mbps preamble)
• (or 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, and 54 Mbps with 20 MHz Channel option) (6 Mbps preamble)
• Max Tx Pwr: 28.8 dBm (at the antenna input)
• RSU EIRP: Nominal 0 - 33 dBm (1 mW - 2 W) / Max. 44.8 dBm (30 W)

• OBU EIRP: Nominal 0 - 20 dBm (1 - 100 mW) / Max. 44.8 dBm (30 W)
• RSU and OBU Sensitivity: - 82 dBm (QPSK) / - 65 dBm (64QAM)
• C/I: 4 - 6 dB (for QPSK @ 10-4 BER coded) / 16 - 17 dB (for 64QAM @ 10-4 BER coded)
• Band Sharing Strategy - Frequency Coordination. Selection of alternate channels for adjacent zones. Use
CSMA to prevent interference between users in the channel.
RSU - Roadside Unit; OBU - Onboard Unit; EV - Emergency Vehicle; EIRP - Effective Isotropic Radiated Power; CSMA - Carrier Sense Multiple Access
5.9 GHz DSRC
CHANNEL FREQUENCY ASSIGNMENTS
(10 MHz CHANNELS)
US Spread Spectrum Allocation US and Potential Mexican DSRC Allocation
Uplink
Downlink
Ch 172 Ch 174 Ch 176 Ch 178 Ch 180 Ch 182 Ch 184

“Reserved” for harmonization with
potential extension of the UNII band
Potential Canadian (CA) DSRC Allocation
Uplink
Downlink
Ch 172 Ch 174 Ch 176 Ch 178 Ch 180 Ch 182 Ch 184
Canadian Special License Zones*

5.855
5.870
5.910
5.920
5.925
5.850
5.860
5.865
5.875
5.880
5.885
5.890
5.895
5.900
5.905
5.845
5.825
5.840
5.830
5.835
5.915
* - The use of channels overlapping these zones may be
restricted in some locations in Canada. Frequency (GHz)
5.9 GHz DSRC BASIC CONCEPTS
• Channels in 5.850 to 5.925 GHz follow FCC CFR part 90 and Industry Canada rules
• 10 MHz channels, optional capability to combine 2 channel sets into 20 MHz channels
• RSU EIRP Limit 44.8 dBm (Public Safety), 33 dBm (Private)
• OBU Device EIRP Limit 44.8 dBm (Public Safety), 33 dBm (Private)
• Out of channel emission – 25 dBm (All devices)
• Dedicated Control Channel for announcements and warnings
• Control Channel transmissions comply with ASTM/IEEE XXXX standard
• A dedicated channel is reserved for Vehicle to vehicle communications.
• Intersection application operations are conducted in a dedicated channel.
• 2 small zone Service Channels are designated for extended data transfers.
• 2 medium zone Service Channels are designated for extended data transfers.
• Channels in the UNII band may be used as unlicensed Service Channels.
• OBUs follow RSU instructions in Service Channels.
• OBUs implement a time limit on Service Channel transactions.

CFR - Code of Federal Regulations
HARMONIZED 5.9 GHz DSRC BAND PLAN
Control Channel
US Spread Spectrum Allocation Service Channels
“Reserved” for harmonization Vehicle to Vehicle

with potential extension of the
UNII band Primarily Public Safety High-power App.
US and Potential Mexican DSRC Allocation

Optional 20 MHz Optional 20 MHz
Ch 172 Ch 174 Ch 176 Ch 178 Ch 180 Ch 182 Ch 184

Proposed Canadian DSRC Allocation
Optional 20 MHz Optional 20 MHz
Potential UNII Expansion Channels

Ch 172 Ch 174 Ch 176 Ch 178 Ch 180 Ch 182 Ch 184
5.855
5.870
5.910
5.920
5.925
5.850
5.860
5.865
5.875
5.880
5.885
5.890
5.895
5.900
5.905
5.845
5.825
5.830
5.835
5.915
5.840
Frequency (GHz) 10 MHz Channels with 20 MHz combination

* - The use of channels overlapping these zones may be
options
restricted in some locations in Canada.
5.9 GHz DSRC BAND PLAN
with 10 MHz CHANNELS
Shared Public Safety/Private Dedicated Public Safety
Control Med Rng Service Short Rng Service Veh-Veh Intersections

Uplink
Downlink
Public Public Public Safety
Safety/ Safety/ Intersections
Public Public Private Public Private
Control
Safety Safety/ Channel Safety/ Public Public
Veh-Veh Public Safety/
Private Private Safety/ Safety/
Private/Special Private/ Intersection/
License Special Special
Potential Canadian (CN) DSRC Allocation
License License
Uplink
Downlink
Ch 172 Ch 174 Ch 176 Ch 178 Ch 180 Ch 182 Ch 184

5.855
5.870
5.910
5.920
5.925
5.850
5.860
5.865
5.875
5.880
5.885
5.890
5.895
5.900
5.905
5.845
5.825
5.830
5.835
5.915
5.840
* - The channels overlapping these zones may be

restricted in some locations in Canada. In these Frequency (GHz) Special License
cases use channels 166, 168, and 170 in their place.
5.9 GHz DSRC BAND PLAN
with 10 and optional 20 MHz CHANNELS
Shared Public Safety/Private Dedicated Public Safety
Control Med Rng Service Short Rng Service Veh-Veh Intersections

Uplink
Downlink
Public Public Public Safety
Safety/ Safety/ Intersections
Public Private Private
Control
Safety Public Safety/ Channel Public Public
Veh-Veh Private/Special Safety/ Safety/
License Private/ Intersection/
Special Special
Potential Canadian (CN) DSRC Allocation
License License
Uplink
Downlink
Ch 172 Ch 175 Ch 178 Ch 181 Ch 184

5.855
5.870
5.910
5.920
5.925
5.850
5.860
5.865
5.875
5.880
5.885
5.890
5.895
5.900
5.905
5.845
5.825
5.830
5.835
5.915
5.840
* - The channels overlapping these zones may be

restricted in some locations in Canada. In these Frequency (GHz) Special License
cases use channels 166, 168, and 170 in their place.
5.7250 to 5.925 GHz
DSRC and UNII CHANNELS
Private Shared Public Safety/Private Dedicated Public Safety
Unlicensed Control Med Rng Service Short Rng Service Veh-Veh Intersections
US UNII Allocation US Spread Spectrum Allocation US DSRC Allocation

Un-licensed Licensed
Uplink
Downlink
UNII Ch 149 Ch 153 Ch 157 Ch 161 Ch Ch Ch Ch Ch
172 175 178 181 184
Control
Channel
5.845
5.850
5.865
5.895
5.905
5.915
5.825
5.830
5.835
5.840
5.855
5.860
5.870
5.875
5.880
5.885
5.890
5.900
5.910
5.920
5.925
5.730
5.745
5.770
5.800
5.805
5.815
5.725
5.735
5.740
5.750
5.755
5.760
5.765
5.775
5.780
5.785
5.790
5.795
5.810
5.820
Ch - Channel Frequency (GHz)
Operational Concepts
for
5.9 GHz DSRC
APPLICATIONS
Prepared for ASTM
5.9 GHz DSRC
Writing Group
DSRC - Dedicated Short-Range Communications

Common Vehicle
On-Board Equipment (Basic Configuration)
Other ITS
Communications
Equipment
87.5-107.9 MHz
FM sub carrier
800 to 900 MHz

5.850-5.925 GHz
Cellular Phone
Multi-Application
OBU
(retrofit installation) 1575.42 MHz
GPS Receiver
909.75-921.75 MHz
Toll & Parking 1800 to 1900 MHz
OBU PCS Phone
(Add-on when
needed)
??? band
Satellite Radio
Multiple Bands
Two-way Radio
76-77 GHz
Collision
Avoidance Radar
Not to scale
Common Vehicle
On-Board Equipment
(Basic Pattern Proposal)
The multi-application OBUs use a 360 deg. horizontal

pattern for all applications.
5.850-5.925 GHz
Multi-Application
OBU
(360 deg horizontal pattern)
5.850-5.925 GHz
Multi-Application
OBU
(connected to the IDB)
909.75-921.75 MHz
Toll & Parking
OBU
Not to scale
Common Vehicle
On-Board Equipment
(Enhanced Configuration)
Other ITS
Communications
Equipment
87.5-107.9 MHz
FM sub carrier
800 to 900 MHz

5.850-5.925 GHz Cellular Phone
Multi-Application 909.75-921.75 MHz
360 degree antenna Toll & Parking
1575.42 MHz
(factory installation) OBU
GPS Receiver
(connected to the OBU) (Add-on when
needed)
1800 to 1900 MHz
PCS Phone
5.850-5.925 GHz
Multi-Application ??? band
OBU Satellite Radio
(installed in the computer)
Multiple Bands
Two-way Radio
76-77 GHz
Collision
Avoidance Radar
Interface Devices
(Built-in Display, Annunciator,
Microphone, Keypad, etc.
connected to the Computer,
Computer which is connected to the
(factory installation) IDB)
Not to scale
Common Vehicle
On-Board Equipment
(Enhanced Pattern Proposal)
The multi-application OBUs use a 360 deg. horizontal

pattern for all applications.
5.850-5.925 GHz
Multi-Application
OBU
5.850-5.925 GHz
Multi-Application
Antenna
(360 deg horizontal pattern) 909.75-921.75 MHz
Toll & Parking
OBU
Not to scale
Common Vehicle
On-Board Equipment
(Separate Multi-App and Veh-Veh OBU partitions)
Other ITS
Communications
Equipment
87.5-107.9 MHz
FM sub carrier
5.850-5.865 GHz
Vehicle to Vehicle 800 to 900 MHz
5.850-5.925 GHz 360 degree antenna 2 Cellular Phone
Multi-Application (factory installation) 909.75-921.75 MHz
360 degree antenna 1 (connected to the OBU) Toll & Parking
1575.42 MHz
(factory installation) OBU
GPS Receiver
(connected to the OBU) (Add-on when
needed)
1800 to 1900 MHz
PCS Phone
5.850-5.925 GHz
Multi-Application ??? band
and Veh-Veh partitions Satellite Radio
in the OBU
(installed in the computer) Multiple Bands
Two-way Radio
76-77 GHz
Collision
Avoidance Radar
Interface Devices
Computer which is connected to the
(factory installation) IDB)
Not to scale
Common Vehicle
On-Board Equipment
(Separate Multi-App and Veh-Veh OBU Antennas)
The multi-application/ vehicle to vehicle, multi-element, OBU uses two antennas with 360 degree
patterns. One for vehicle to vehicle communications and the other for general applications.
5.850-5.865 GHz 909.75-921.75 MHz

Vehicle to Vehicle/ Toll & Parking
Antenna OBU
(360 deg horizontal pattern) (360 deg horizontal
pattern)
5.850-5.925 GHz
Multi-Application
Antenna
Not to scale
Common Vehicle
On-Board Equipment
(Emergency Vehicle Configuration)
Other ITS
Communications
Equipment
87.5-107.9 MHz
5.875-5.885 and 5.915-5.925 GHz
FM sub carrier
5.850-5.865 GHz Emergency Vehicle Application
Vehicle to Vehicle OBU (2)
with a multidirectional antenna (3) 800 to 900 MHz
360 degree antenna 2
mounted on the light bar Cellular Phone
(factory installation)
(connected to the OBU) (connected to the IDB)
909.75-921.75 MHz 1575.42 MHz
Toll & Parking GPS Receiver
OBU (3)
5.850-5.925 GHz
(Add-on when 1800 to 1900 MHz
Multi-Application
needed) PCS Phone
360 degree antenna 1
(factory installation)
(connected to the OBU) ??? band
Satellite Radio
5.850-5.925 GHz
Multiple Bands
Multi-Application/
Two-way Radio
Vehicle to Vehicle
OBU (1) 76-77 GHz
(installed in the computer) Collision
Avoidance Radar
Interface Devices
Computer
which is connected to the
Not to scale IDB)
Common Vehicle
On-Board Equipment
(Emergency Vehicle Configuration)
The multi-application/ vehicle to vehicle, multi-element, multi-directional OBU can select the
emergency warning pattern, the forward pattern, the rearward pattern, or the 360 degree
pattern depending on the requirements of the application being implemented.
5.875-5.885 and 5.915-5.925 GHz

Emergency Vehicle Application
5.850-5.865 GHz OBU Emergency Warning
Vehicle to Vehicle/ with a multidirectional antenna Pattern
Antenna mounted on the light bar
(360 deg horizontal pattern) (connected to the IDB)
909.75-921.75 MHz
Toll & Parking
OBU
(360 deg horizontal
pattern)
5.850-5.925 GHz
Multi-Application
Antenna
Not to scale
CVO
On-Board Equipment
5.850-5.925 GHz 5.850-5.925 GHz
Multi-Application Vehicle to Vehicle/
Antenna Antenna
(360 deg horizontal pattern) (360 deg horizontal pattern)
909.75-921.75 MHz,
Multi-Application
OBU
(Built-in and connected to the SAE-
1708 or 1939 bus)
5.850-5.925 GHz
Multi-Application/
Vehicle to Vehicle
OBU
(installed in the computer)
Interface Devices
SAE-1708 or 1939 bus)
Computer
(connected to the in-vehicle
SAE-1708 or 1939 bus)
TRANSIT
On-Board Equipment
5.850-5.925 GHz
Multi-Application
OBU
(Built-in and connected to the

SAE-1708, 1939, or EIA-709
LonWorks interface bus)
Interface Devices
SAE-1708, 1939, or EIA-709
RAIL ENGINE
On-Board Equipment
5850-5.925 GHz
Multi-Application
OBU
(Built-in and connected to an

SAE-1708, 1939, or EIA-709
Interface Devices
which is connected to an
SAE-1708, 1939, or EIA-709
DSRC APPLICATIONS
PUBLIC SAFETY and PRIVATE
PUBLIC SAFETY PRIVATE
• APPROACHING EMERGENCY VEHICLE (WARNING) • ACCESS CONTROL
ASSISTANT (3) • DRIVE-THRU PAYMENT
• EMERGENCY VEHICLE SIGNAL PREEMPTION • PARKING LOT PAYMENT
• ROAD CONDITION WARNING • DATA TRANSFER / INFO FUELING (A)
• LOW BRIDGE WARNING – ATIS DATA
• WORK ZONE WARNING – DIAGNOSTIC DATA
• IMMINENT COLLISION WARNING (D) – REPAIR-SERVICE RECORD
• CURVE SPEED ASSISTANCE [ROLLOVER WARNING] (1) – VEHICLE COMPUTER PROGRAM UPDATES
• INFRASTRUCTURE BASED – STOP LIGHT ASSISTANT (2) – MAP and MUSIC DATA UPDATES
• INTERSECTION COLLISION WARNING/AVOIDANCE (4) – VIDEO UPLOADS
• HIGHWAY/RAIL [RAILROAD] COLLISION AVOIDANCE (10) • DATA TRANSFER / CVO / TRUCK STOP
• COOPERATIVE COLLISION WARNING [V-V] (5) • ENHANCED ROUTE PLANNING and GUIDANCE (6)
• GREEN LIGHT - OPTIMAL SPEED ADVISORY (8) • RENTAL CAR PROCESSING
• COOPERATIVE VEHICLE SYSTEM – PLATOONING (9) • UNIQUE CVO FLEET MANAGEMENT
• COOPERATIVE ADAPTIVE CRUISE CONTROL [ACC] (11) • DATA TRANSFER / TRANSIT VEHICLE (yard)
• VEHICLE BASED PROBE DATA COLLECTION (B) • TRANSIT VEHICLE REFUELING MANAGEMENT
• INFRASTRUCTURE BASED PROBE DATA COLLECTION • LOCOMOTIVE FUEL MONITORING
• INFRASTRUCTURE BASED TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT – • DATA TRANSFER / LOCOMOTIVE
• TOLL COLLECTION
• TRAFFIC INFORMATION (C) ATIS - Advanced Traveler Information Systems
CVO - Commercial Vehicle Operations
• TRANSIT VEHICLE DATA TRANSFER (gate) EV - Emergency Vehicles
• TRANSIT VEHICLE SIGNAL PRIORITY IDB - ITS Data Bus
• EMERGENCY VEHICLE VIDEO RELAY THRU – Through
• MAINLINE SCREENING V-V – Vehicle to Vehicle
• BORDER CLEARANCE (#) – Applications Submitted by GM/Ford/Chrysler
(A- Z) – Applications Submitted by Daimler-Chrysler
• VEHICLE SAFETY INSPECTION
• DRIVER’S DAILY LOG
DSRC APPLICATIONS
by COMMUNICATION CATEGORIES
ALL VEHICLES - Short Range (0 – 15 m) ALL VEHICLES – Short - Medium Range (0 – 90 m)
• ACCESS CONTROL • TOLL COLLECTION
• TOLL COLLECTION • DATA TRANSFER / INFO FUELING (A)
• DATA TRANSFER / INFO FUELING (A) • DATA TRANSFER / CVO / TRUCK STOP
• TRAFFIC INFORMATION (C) • DATA TRANSFER / TRANSIT VEHICLE (yard)
• DRIVE-THRU PAYMENT • DATA TRANSFER / LOCOMOTIVE
• PARKING LOT PAYMENT
• INFRASTRUCTURE BASED PROBE DATA COLLECTION CVO – Short - Medium Range (0 – 90 m)
• RENTAL CAR PROCESSING
• MAINLINE SCREENING
• BORDER CLEARANCE
ALL VEHICLES - Extended Range (90 – 335 m)
• CURVE SPEED ASSISTANCE [ROLLOVER WARNING] (1)
• INFRASTRUCTURE BASED - STOP LIGHT ASSISTANT (2)
• UNIQUE CVO FLEET MANAGEMENT
• INTERSECTION COLLISION WARNING/AVOIDANCE (4) • DRIVER’S DAILY LOG
• COOPERATIVE COLLISION WARNING [V-V] (5) • VEHICLE SAFETY INSPECTION
• VEHICLE BASED PROBE DATA COLLECTION (B) • TRANSIT VEHICLE DATA TRANSFER (gate)
• COOPERATIVE ADAPTIVE CRUISE CONTROL (ACC)
• COOPERATIVE VEHICLE SYSTEM – PLATOONING (9) • TRANSIT VEHICLE REFUELING MANAGEMENT
• HIGHWAY/RAIL [RAILROAD] COLLISION AVOIDANCE (10) • LOCOMOTIVE FUEL MONITORING
• IMMINENT COLLISION WARNING (D) • ROLLOVER WARNING
• EMERGENCY VEHICLE VIDEO RELAY
• ROAD CONDITION WARNING
• LOW BRIDGE WARNING
• WORK ZONE WARNING
PUBLIC SAFETY - Long Range (300 – 1000 m)

• APPROACHING EMERGENCY VEHICLE ASSISTANT (3)
• EMERGENCY VEHICLE SIGNAL PREEMPTION
APPLICABILITY UNDER INVESTIGATION • TRANSIT VEHICLE SIGNAL PRIORITY
• GREEN LIGHT - OPTIMAL SPEED ADVISORY (8)
• ENHANCED ROUTE PLANNING and GUIDANCE (6)
• INFRASTRUCTURE BASED TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT –
(#) – Applications Submitted by GM/Ford/Chrysler
(A) – Applications Submitted by Daimler-Chrysler
URBAN/SUBURBAN
APPLICATIONS
Prepared for ASTM

5.9 GHz DSRC
Writing Group

5.9 GHz DSRC VEHICLE TO VEHICLE APPLICATION
EMERGENCY VEHICLE APPROACH WARNING

EMERG. EMERG. EMERG. EMERG.
VEHICLE VEHICLE In-Vehicle VEHICLE VEHICLE

Displays and
REAR LEFT Annunciations FRONT RIGHT
~
~
~
~
Emergency Vehicle Approach

Warning Communication Zone
~
~
Emergency Vehicle
up to 1000 m (3281 ft)

Traffic Signal
Note 1: The Emergency OBU transmits a warning Traffic Signal
to ALERT other vehicles that it is coming. OBUs on Control Ch
Not to Scale
5.9 GHz DSRC ROADSIDE TO VEHICLE APPLICATION
EMERGENCY VEHICLE SIGNAL PREEMPTION

RSU located in the Traffic Signal
center of the
intersection
Emergency Vehicle
~
~
~
~
~
~
Note 1: OBU Transmitting

the Emergency Vehicle RSU on Intersection Ch Traffic Signal
Signal Preemption Request
on the Intersection Ch OBU on Intersection Ch Traffic Signal
up to 1000 m (3281 ft)
RSU
Horizontal
Not to Scale Support
EMERGENCY VEHICLE APPROACH WARNING - INTERSECTION RELAY

RSU located in the
EMERG. EMERG. center of the
In-Vehicle intersection
VEHICLE Displays and VEHICLE
Annunciations
LEFT RIGHT
Emergency Vehicle
Note 1: The Intersection RSU retransmits the
Emergency OBU warning to ALERT vehicles
approaching on the side streets.
~
~
~
~
~
~
OBU Transmitting the RSUs Retransmitting on the Control Ch Traffic Signal

Emergency Vehicle Signal OBUs Receiving the Retransmitted Traffic Signal
Preemption Request on the Warning on the Control Ch
Intersection Ch RSU Horizontal Support
up to 1000 m (3281 ft)
Not to Scale
IMMINENT COLLISION WARNING
COLLISION COLLISION
IMMINENT In-Vehicle IMMINENT

Displays and
FRONT Annunciations LEFT
~
~
Note 1: The OBU in the vehicle recognizing the threat
transmits a WARNING and COLLISION PREPARATION
MESSAGE with the location address of the threat vehicle.
~
~
Note 2: Only the OBU in the threating vehicle processes the

message because only it matches the threat address.
~
~
up to
1 00 m
Note 3: COLLISION PREPARATION includes seat belt (328
f t)
tightening, side air bag deployment, side bumper
expansion, etc.
Car NOT Stopping
Radar Threat Identification Traffic Signal
Traffic Signal
OBUs on Control Ch
Not to Scale
INFRASTRUCTURE ASSISTED COLLISION AVOIDANCE
Traffic Signal- Red
Traffic Signal - Green
TYPICAL
INTERSECTION
Traffic Signal
Traffic Signal
COLLISION
ANIMATION
FOLLOWS
NO COLLISION AVOIDANCE SYSTEM IN OPERATION
Traffic Signal- Red
ANIMATION
Traffic Signal
Traffic Signal
VEHICLE BASED / INFRASTRUCTURE ASSISTED COLLISION AVOIDANCE
w/ STOP LIGHT ASSISTANT Traffic Signal- Red
The Central Intersection Communications Subsystem
up to 825 ft
range
Traffic Signal
Radio Communication Traffic Signal
Intersection Collision
Avoidance System Intersection Radio
Equipment Cabinet
Mobile Radio
Roadside Traffic Signal- Red

Communications
Subsystem Radio B
The Vehicle Tracking Subsystem and the Central Roadside

Intersection Communications Subsystem Communications
Subsystem Radio C
up to 825 ft
range
Roadside
Communications Traffic Signal
Subsystem Radio A
Intersection Collision Traffic Signal
Equipment Cabinet
Radar Tracking Mobile Radio
Roadside Dynamic Message
Communications Sign (DMS)
Subsystem Radio D
Radar System
Roadside Radio
Radio Communication
ALL ICA DISTANCES
900
800
700
Total Tracking Distance
Distance in (ft)
600 (ft)
500 Wet Stopping Distance
400 Threshold (ft)
300 Dry Warning Distance
Threshold (ft)
200
100
0
15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60
Speed in (mph)
Roadside
Communications
Subsystem Radio B Traffic Signal- Red
ANIMATION
The Vehicle Tracking

Roadside
Subsystem and the
Communications
Central Intersection
Subsystem Radio C
Communications
Subsystem
up to 334 ft
@ 35 mph
Roadside
Communications
Subsystem Traffic Signal
Radio A Intersection Collision Traffic Signal
Equipment Cabinet
Mobile Radio
Dynamic Message
Roadside Sign (DMS)
Communications
Radar System
Subsystem Radio D
Roadside Radio
Traffic Signal - Green Traffic Signal- Red
ANIMATION
SCP - Straight Crossing Path
STOP
COLLISION
LEFT
334 ft @ 35 mph
Vehicle A
Traffic Signal- Red
Radar Tracking
334 ft @ 35 mph
Traffic Signal- Green

Intersection Radio
Mobile Radio
Radio Communication
Dynamic Message
Vehicle B Sign (DMS)
Car being Warned Vehicle Brake Lights

and Responding
Radar System
Not to Scale
Traffic Signal - Green Traffic Signal- Red
ANIMATION
SCP - Straight Crossing Path
STOP STOP
Vehicle B
COLLISION COLLISION
LEFT RIGHT
334 ft @ 35 mph
Vehicle A
Car being Warned Traffic Signal- Red

Radar Tracking
334 ft @ 35 mph
Traffic Signal- Green

Intersection Radio
Mobile Radio
Radio Communication
Dynamic Message
Sign (DMS)
Vehicle Brake Lights

Car NOT Stopping
Radar System
Not to Scale
5.9 GHz DSRC ROADSIDE EQUIPMENT ANIMATION
FOLLOWS
ON-ROAD INFO FUELING and GAS STATION INFO FUELING

RSU on Control Ch 178 The Control Channel is used RSU on Service Ch 176
to announce the data transfer
OBU on Control Ch 178 application operating on the OBU on Service Ch 176
designated Service Channel
RSU on Service Ch 182 Traffic Signal RSU on Service Ch 180
OBU on Service Ch 182 Traffic Signal OBU on Service Ch 180
~
~
Multi-App RSU
Operates on the
Info fueling Com. Zone Street
Control Ch 178 and
Service Ch 176
~
~
up to 90 m (300 ft)
~
~
Sidewalk
Info fueling
Com. Zone
Data Transfer Data Transfer

on Service Ch on Service Ch 180
182
Gas Pumps
Not to Scale
5.9 GHz DSRC ROADSIDE EQUIPMENT
ANIMATION
ON-ROAD INFO FUELING and GAS STATION INFO FUELING

to announce the data transfer
OBU on Control Ch 178 application operating on the OBU on Service Ch 176
designated Service Channel
RSU on Service Ch 182 Traffic Signal RSU on Service Ch 180
OBU on Service Ch 182 Traffic Signal OBU on Service Ch 180
~
~
Multi-App RSU
Operates on the
Info fueling Com. Zone Street
Control Ch 178 and
Service Ch 176
~
~
up to 90 m (300 ft)
~
~
Sidewalk
Info fueling
Com. Zone

on Service Ch on Service Ch 180
182
Gas Pumps
Not to Scale
PROBE DATA COLLECTION and TRAFFIC INFORMATION

to announce the Probe Data
OBU on Control Ch 178 Collection and Traffic OBU on Service Ch 174
Information applications on
Ch 174
Traffic Signal
Traffic Signal
The Probe Data Collection and Traffic

Information applications operate on Ch 174
Street
Sidewalk
Multi-App RSU
Operates on the
Control Ch 178 and
Service Ch 174
Not to Scale
TRANSIT VEHICLE ACCESS, FUELING CONTROL, and DATA TRANSFER (GATE)
Transit Vehicle Street
Transit Vehicle Transit Vehicle

Access Control 27 Mbps Egress Control
and In-coming and Out-going
Pico Zone
Gas Pumps
RSUs are located over the
Transit Vehicle RSU center of the in-coming and
Fueling 50 ft
Support out-going lanes of the Transit
Management CH Structure Vehicle Parking Facility.
Transit Vehicle 176
CH
180 RSU on Channel 174
Pico Zone
Transit Vehicle RSU on Channel 176
CH TRANSIT
174 VEHICLE RSU on Channel 180
PARKING
FACILITY
Note: Control Channel is OBU on Channel 174
used periodically by each OBU on Channel 176
RSU to announce the OBU on Channel 180
presence of the
applications operating on
the Service Channels
Not to Scale
= communication zone Not to Scale
TRANSIT VEHICLE DATA TRANSFER (YARD)

Street
Transit Vehicle RSU on Channel 174
Fueling Control
RSU on Channel 176
Transit Vehicle
RSU on Channel 180
Note: The video upload is OBU on Channel 174

suspended whenever a OBU on Channel 176
vehicle enters to prevent OBU on Channel 180
co-channel interference
90 m (300 ft)
Free Space Loss -87 dB
Transit Vehicle
300 ft Transit TRANSIT
up to
Vehicle video VEHICLE
upload while PARKING
Transit Vehicle
parked FACILITY
Worst case RSU

Transit Vehicle
Transit Vehicle
Transit Vehicle
Transit Vehicle
Transit Vehicle
Transit Vehicle
Transit Vehicle
Transit Vehicle
Transit Vehicle
Transit Vehicle
antenna gain in the

vehicle‘s direction
3 dBi. 28+3-3=28
RSU on Control Ch 182 The Control Channel is used to announce the data transfer RSU on Service Ch 180
application operating on the designated Service Channel
OBU on Control Ch 182 OBU on Service Ch 180
Traffic Signal Traffic Signal RSU on Control Ch 178 = communication zones
SURFACE LEVEL PARKING LOT
Payment Station
RSU on Service Ch 172 RSU on Service Ch 174
OBU on Service Ch 172 OBU on Service Ch 174 Not to Scale

RSU on Control Ch 182 The Control Channel is used to announce the data transfer RSU on Service Ch 180
application operating on the designated Service Channel
OBU on Control Ch 182 OBU on Service Ch 180
Traffic Signal Traffic Signal RSU on Control Ch 178 = communication zones
Payment Station
RSU on Service Ch 172 RSU on Service Ch 174
OBU on Service Ch 172 OBU on Service Ch 174 Not to Scale

= communication zone
Payment Station
Traffic Signal
RSU on
Traffic Signal Service Ch Not to Scale
GARAGE DOWNLOAD - PROGRAM UPDATES, TRAFFIC DATA , MUSIC FILES

OBU
SINGLE
RSU FAMILY
PC transfers data to a HOUSE
DSRC OBU over an
Ethernet or USB cable
interface. The DSRC RSU SINGLE
then sends the data to the FAMILY
GARAGE vehicle OBU. GARAGE HOUSE
An IEEE 802.11b WLAN radio transfers data from the home

computer to the IEEE 802.11b interface of a DSRC RSU in the
garage. The RSU then sends the data to the vehicle OBU.
OBU in acquisition mode
GARAGE An IEEE 802.11a WLAN GARAGE PC transfers data to a

radio transfers data directly DSRC OBU over an
to an IEEE 802.11a capable Ethernet or USB cable
vehicle DSRC OBU using a interface. The DSRC RSU
channel in the UNII band. then sends the data to the
SINGLE vehicle OBU. SINGLE
FAMILY FAMILY
HOUSE HOUSE
PC WLAN DSRC OBU w/ IEEE 802.11a Not to Scale

DATA TRANSFER REPAIR SERVICE RECORD
Street
OBU on Control Channel
Driveway RSE on Ch 180

Note 1: This facility alternates Service
Channels in the service bays to upload OBE on Ch 180
Service Bay Door
and download maintenance data to all
the vehicles. RSE on Ch 182
OBE on Ch 182
VEHICLE SERVICE BAYS RSE

MAINTENANCE radiating
ORDER FACILITY straight
STATION down
Note 2: The Control
RSE
Channel 178 is used
radiating
to announce the
Pico Zone straight
service application
down
operating on Service
Channel.
OVERLAPPING COMMUNICATIONS ZONE URBAN APPLICATION MAP

Small Communication Zones Large Com. Zones
BUS Maintenance
Facility / Data
Download
Parking Lot 1 Service Station
Data Upload
Not to Scale
up to 1000 ft
Emerg. Veh
Bus Parking Service Station/

Parking Lot 2 Garage / Data Data Download
Download
RSU on Control. Ch RSU on Slot D Hi-Pwr Ch RSU on Slot G Hi-Pwr Ch RSU on Service Ch 182
RSU on Service Ch 172 RSU on Slot E Hi-Pwr Ch RSU on Slot ... Hi-Pwr Ch
RSU on Service Ch 174 RSU on Slot F Hi-Pwr Ch RSU on Service Ch 184
OPEN ROAD
APPLICATIONS
Prepared for ASTM

5.9 GHz DSRC
Writing Group

EMERGENCY VEHICLE APPROACH WARNING

Note 1: The Emergency Vehicle Warning message is sent every 1 sec
EMERG. In-Vehicle Display and Annunciation

VEHICLE
REAR
Grass Divider
Emergency Vehicle
Emergency Vehicle Approach
Warning Communication Zone
up to 1000 m (3281 ft)
OBUs on Control Channel
Not to Scale
STOPPED EMERGENCY VEHICLE WARNING

Note 1: The Stopped Vehicle Warning message is sent every 50 ms
STOPPED In-Vehicle Display and Annunciation
VEHICLE
AHEAD
Grass Divider Stopped Emergency Vehicle Warning Com. Zone
Receiving
Transmitting OBU
OBU Control Disabled Vehicle
Control Channel Emergency Vehicle
Channel
OBUs on Control Channel
up to 1100 ft range
Not to Scale
5.9 GHz DSRC ROADSIDE TO VEHICLE
APPLICATION
WORK ZONE WARNING
WORK In-Vehicle Display and Annunciation
ZONE
AHEAD
Flashing Arrow RSU on Control Channel

Grass Divider
Work Zone
Micro Zone
Work Zone Warning Com. Zone
up to 1100 ft range
Traffic Cones
Not to Scale
5.9 GHz DSRC VEHICLE TO VEHICLE APPLICATIONS
COOPERATIVE COLLISION WARNING/AVOIDANCE
1) Vehicles with vehicle to vehicle (v-v) communications capability transmit the vehicle’s position,
speed, direction of travel, and acceleration at 12 Mbps. One transmission will be sent every 300
ms. This transmission is intended for all vehicles within 10 sec travel time, thus the transmit
power (range)
. will vary with vehicle speed up to a maximum range of 300 meters (~1000 ft). The
minimum range will be 110 m (~367 ft). For example, vehicles traveling at 60 mph would transmit at
a power level appropriate to reach approximately 270 m (~880 ft) and vehicles traveling at 25 mph
or lower would transmit at a power level appropriate to reach approximately 110 m (~367 ft). All
vehicles capable of doing so (having OBU and with vehicle speed and position data available) will
transmit these messages and all OBU will receive these messages.
2) Vehicles that receive these transmissions and have collision avoidance processing capability
compute the position and probability of collision for all transmitting vehicles every 100 ms.
3) A Caution is given to drivers when a possibility of collision is computed with an avoidance

maneuver requirement that exceeds .35 g or the equivalent acceleration for the conditions.
4) A Warning is given to drivers when a possibility of collision is computed with an avoidance

maneuver requirement that meets or exceeds .50 g or the equivalent acceleration for the
conditions.
5) If it can be determined that two vehicles are on an intercepting course, both will use the
transmission range of the faster vehicle.
(with closely spaced vehicles @ 60 mph)
Note: The vehicle’s position, speed, direction and
OBU Receiving on the Vehicle to Vehicle channel
acceleration message is nominally sent every 300
OBU Transmitting and Receiving on the Vehicle ms with a range of 300 m (~1000 ft).
to Vehicle channel @ 12 Mbps
Grass Divider
Routine position, speed, direction messages

Not to Scale
(with closely spaced vehicles @ 25 mph)
Note: The vehicle’s position, speed, direction
OBU Receiving on the Vehicle to Vehicle channel
and acceleration message is nominally sent
OBU Transmitting and Receiving on the Vehicle every 300 ms with a range of 110 m (~367 ft).
Grass Divider
. .
. .

Not to Scale
STOPPING VEH. WARNING
CAUTION
VEHICLE
In-Vehicle Display
and Annunciation STOPPING
Grass Divider
.
.
Road Blocked
. Vehicle Brake Lights Stopping message

OBU Listening to Control Channel
OBU Transmitting on Control Channel
Not to Scale
COOPERATIVE COLLISION WARNING B - STOPPED VEHICLE WARNING

Note 1: The Stopped Vehicle Warning message is sent in the direction of arriving traffic when the stopping vehicle’s brakes
are being applied and its speed drops 20 mph below the speed limit of the road or its speed drops below 5 mph.
Note 2: The Stopped Vehicle Warning message is

sent every 100 ms with a range of 1000 ft.
STOPPED
VEHICLE
In-Vehicle Display and Annunciation
AHEAD
Grass Divider
Receiving
OBU
Control
Channel
Stopped Vehicle Warning Com. Zone
Stopped Vehicle
Transmitting OBU
Not to Scale Control Channel
Continued on next page
COOPERATIVE COLLISION WARNING B - SECOND STOPPED VEHICLE

Note 2: Once another stopped vehicle, immediately to the rear, starts transmitting the stopped vehicle message the first
vehicle reverts to the original position, speed, and direction message. The range will reach the second stopped vehicle .
Note 2: The Stopped Vehicle Warning message is

sent every 100 ms with a range of 1000 ft.
STOPPED
VEHICLE
In-Vehicle Display and Annunciation
AHEAD
Grass Divider
Receiving
OBU
Control
Channel
Stopped Vehicle Warning Com. Zone
Vehicle Brake Lights Stopped Vehicles

Transmitting OBU
Not to Scale
Control Channel

SLOWED OR STOPPED TRAFFIC
Note 1: Once traffic slows to 10 mph or below the vehicles transmit the position, speed, and direction message every 100
ms at 15 m range.
Note 2: The vehicle’s position, speed, direction
OBU Receiving on the Vehicle to Vehicle channel and acceleration message is sent every 100 ms
with a range of 15 m (~50 ft) but 300 m (1000
OBU Transmitting and Receiving on the Vehicle
ft) when receiving a faster vehicle’s signal.
Grass Divider
. .
. .
OBU Listening on the Control Channel

Routine position, speed, direction messages 1
Not to Scale OBU Transmitting on the Control Channel
HIGHWAY/RAIL INTERSECTION WARNING

Note 1: The Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices states that, “A warning sign is placed in advance of the condition to
which it calls attention.” (1988 edition, Para. 2A-25)
Note 2: The above figure is from the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control
Devices, 1988 edition, fig. 2-5, page 2A-20.
EXAMPLE MICRO/PICO-CELL ANIMATION
COMMUNICATION ZONES FOLLOWS

Highway
Crossing
Railroad Warning
Signal/ Cross Buck
Train 20 to 40 sec away and Train Detection
Receiver
Traffic Signal
Highway/rail
Train Transmitter on Railroad Frequency
up to 650 ft (Note 2) Intersection
RSU in Railroad Warning Sign on Control Ch Emotion and Volition Warning Comm.
Zone
OBU on Control Channel Range up to 1100 ft
Note 1: The RSU is most cost

effectively employed at the
Warning Sign
Railroad Warning Signal where it
can receive power without
Note 2: The Manual on Uniform
incurring remote power
Traffic Control Devices states that,
installation costs and provide
“Table II-1 lists suggested minimum
communication to the driver all
sign placement distances....” (1988
Identification
Perception and
the way to the cross bar.

edition, Para. 2C-3)
EXAMPLE MICRO/PICO-CELL
COMMUNICATION ZONES
Highway
Crossing
Railroad Warning
Signal/ Cross Buck
Train 20 to 40 sec away and Train Detection
Receiver
Traffic Signal
Highway/rail
Train Transmitter on Railroad Frequency
up to 650 ft (Note 2) Intersection
RSU in Railroad Warning Sign on Control Ch Emotion and Volition Warning Comm.
Zone
OBU on Control Channel Range up to 1100 ft
Note 1: The RSU is most cost

effectively employed at the
Warning Sign
Railroad Warning Signal where it
can receive power without
Note 2: The Manual on Uniform
incurring remote power
Traffic Control Devices states that,
installation costs and provide
“Table II-1 lists suggested minimum
communication to the driver all
sign placement distances....” (1988
Identification
Perception and
the way to the cross bar.

edition, Para. 2C-3)
EXAMPLE MICRO/PICO-CELL
COMMUNICATION ZONES
Highway/rail
Railroad Warning Intersection
Signal/ Cross Buck Warning Comm.
and Train Detection Zone
Receiver
Train
Railroad Warning
Traffic Signal Signal/ Cross Buck
and Train Detection
Train Transmitter on Railroad Frequency Receiver
RSU in Railroad Warning Sign on Control Ch Highway/rail

Intersection
Stopping
OBU on Control Channel Warning Comm.

Zone
Not to Scale
• Warning signs should provide adequate time for the driver to perceive,
identify, decide, and perform any necessary maneuver. This is
generally referred to as PIEV.
• PIEV
– Perception
– Identification/ understanding
– Emotion/ decision making
– Volition / execution of decision
• The PEIV time can vary from about 3 seconds for general warning
signs to 10 seconds for high driver judgement condition warning
signs. (This includes sign legibility distance and braking or
maneuvering distance.)
• Reference: The Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices, 1988

edition, Para. 2C-3.
NARROW BRIDGE - WARNING SIGN

Note 1: The Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices states that, “A warning sign is placed in advance of the condition to
which it calls attention.” (1988 edition, Para. 2A-25)
Note 2: The above figure is from the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control
Devices, 1988 edition, fig. 2-5, page 2A-20.
NARROW BRIDGE - WARNING SIGN + DSRC RSU

Warning Sign and RSU on Control Ch
Multi-Application
OBU on Control Ch
RSU
90 m (300 ft) range
Up to 650 ft forward of
the Potential Hazard
(see Note 1)
Micro Zone
NARROW BRIDGE
Emotion and Volition Perception and

Identification
Note 1: The Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices states that, “Table II-1 lists Note 3: The RSU can
suggested minimum sign placement distances....” (1988 edition, Para. 2C-3) be configured to have a
range of up to 1100 ft
Note 2: The Sight distance of the sign is usually 125 to 200 ft.
Not to scale
RSU on Control Ch
OBU on Control Ch
ROAD CONDITION WARNING

Up to 650 ft 90 m (300 ft) range
forward of the
Hazard
Road Condition Warning Com. Zone

Dynamic Message Sign
and Multi-App RSU on Micro Zone
the Control Channel
ICE
Emotion
and Perception and
Volition Identification
BRIDGE
Median
Road Sensor Station
Not to scale
Vehicle to Vehicle Data Transfer
Traffic Data being sent
Grass Divider
300 ft range
Map Data being sent

OBU Transmitting on Veh-Veh Channel
Not to Scale
car = .53
range = 8.29
APPLICATION
LOW BRIDGE WARNING and ROLL OVER WARNING
Tractor-trailer being RSU located on a
measured from the Tower Transmitting RSU located in the
gantry and receiving Bridge Clearance or the warning sign
link identification from Warning on Control Ch using Control
OBU on Control Ch
gantry
Application submitted by Tractor-trailer can Tractor-trailer can
Carl W. Compton, pull over here if it exit here if it is
KANSAS TURNPIKE AUTHORITY
is Over the Height Over the Height
limit for the bridge limit for the bridge
The tractor trailer receives curve Not to Scale

parameters from the RSU in the
rollover warning sign. The on-board
Tractor-trailer with OBU
computer calculates the proper
receiving rollover parameters
speed for this vehicle’s loading and
from the warning sign at the
warns the driver if a rollover is
curve on Control Channel
indicated.
APPLICATION
LOW BRIDGE WARNING and ROLL OVER WARNING
Small Zone RSE on height
measuring gantry receives ID from
OBE on vehicle and sends link
information for Warning RSE
Vehicle OBE sends ID to

measurement gantry RSE and Over-height vehicle can stop on shoulder or exit before
receives link for Warning RSE bridge structure
Laser height sensor on

gantry
Warning RSE, located downstream from gantry and

networked to gantry RSE, broadcasts pullover / exit
warning to over-height vehicle
TOLL COLLECTION (Open Road) in service channel

The Toll Collection RSU
operates on a Service
RSU Antennas
Channel and is located on
the gantry above the lanes gantry
= capture zone
Micro Zone
30 m (98 ft) RSU on Control Channel Toll

Note1: OBU approaching the toll
Zone Announcement
zone are instructed to switch to a
service channel in order to conduct Note 2: Users are allowed to
RSU on Channel 174
the transaction. proceed at highway normal speeds
while the toll is paid.
OBU on Control OBU on Channel 174 slot A
Channel
OBU on Channel 174 slot B
Note 3: Implementers use Time
Division to isolate vehicle
communications and angle of signal
arrival to locate vehicle.
Not toDSRC_Stds_Update_02-10-02.PPT/02-10-02/bcash
Scale
TOLL COLLECTION (Lane Based) on the Service channels

RSUs are located
on the gantry Traffic Signal
RSU Antennas
above the center of Toll Zone Announcement RSU
each lane gantry
on Control Channel
= capture zone
Concrete Median
Traffic Signal
Traffic Signal Pico Zones

Traffic Signal RSU on Control Channel 178
RSU on Channel 180
RSU on Channel 182
OBU on Channel 180
OBU on Service Channel 182
Not to Scale
TOLL COLLECTION (Lane Based) on the Control channel

RSUs are located
on the gantry
RSU Antennas
above the center of
each lane using gantry Traffic Signal
Control Channel = capture zone
Concrete Median
Traffic Signal
Traffic Signal Pico Zones

Traffic Signal
Note 1: Users must slow down to RSU on Control Ch slot A
Not to Scale pay the toll and may proceed only
when the light is green. RSU on Control Ch slot B
OBU on Control Ch slot A

Note 2: Implementers may use Time
Division to isolate lanes. OBU Listening Control Ch

5.9 GHZ Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) Standards Development Update

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5.9 GHZ Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) Standards Development Update

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5.

• THE WINNER was the OFDM forum entry - IEEE 802.11a/RA

• The writing group selection was confirmed by letter ballot vote

• The ASTM DSRC STD XXXX* will be a modified version of IEEE

5.9 GHz Resource Manager

ASTM YYYY Layer 2

- Standards that must be modified or completed

- Established Standards and procedures that are referenced as necessary

PARAMETERS 902 - 928 MHz Band 5850 - 5925 MHz Band

DATA RATE 6 Mbps - 27 Mbps

• PUBLIC SAFETY and PRIVATE APPLICATIONS share the band

• Expect to submit FCC rule recommendations in April and June 2002

• Expected L1/L2 standard completion in June 2002

PUBLIC SAFETY - Long Range (300 – 1000 m)

GREEN - Primary Influence on Concept

• Bandwidth: 75 MHz (5.850 - 5.925 GHz)

• Channels: 7 - 10 MHz channels (optional combinations of 10 and 20 MHz channels)

• Max Tx Pwr: 28.8 dBm (at the antenna input)

• RSU EIRP: Nominal 0 - 33 dBm (1 mW - 2 W) / Max. 44.8 dBm (30 W)

• RSU and OBU Sensitivity: - 82 dBm (QPSK) / - 65 dBm (64QAM)

Ch 172 Ch 174 Ch 176 Ch 178 Ch 180 Ch 182 Ch 184

Potential Canadian (CA) DSRC Allocation

Ch 172 Ch 174 Ch 176 Ch 178 Ch 180 Ch 182 Ch 184

Canadian Special License Zones*

• RSU EIRP Limit 44.8 dBm (Public Safety), 33 dBm (Private)

• Out of channel emission – 25 dBm (All devices)

• Dedicated Control Channel for announcements and warnings

• Control Channel transmissions comply with ASTM/IEEE XXXX standard

• A dedicated channel is reserved for Vehicle to vehicle communications.

• Intersection application operations are conducted in a dedicated channel.

• Channels in the UNII band may be used as unlicensed Service Channels.

• OBUs follow RSU instructions in Service Channels.

• OBUs implement a time limit on Service Channel transactions.

“Reserved” for harmonization Vehicle to Vehicle

US and Potential Mexican DSRC Allocation

Ch 172 Ch 174 Ch 176 Ch 178 Ch 180 Ch 182 Ch 184

Potential UNII Expansion Channels

Frequency (GHz) 10 MHz Channels with 20 MHz combination

US Spread Spectrum Allocation US and Potential Mexican DSRC Allocation

Ch 172 Ch 174 Ch 176 Ch 178 Ch 180 Ch 182 Ch 184

Canadian Special License Zones*

* - The channels overlapping these zones may be

US Spread Spectrum Allocation US and Potential Mexican DSRC Allocation

Ch 172 Ch 175 Ch 178 Ch 181 Ch 184

Canadian Special License Zones*

* - The channels overlapping these zones may be

US UNII Allocation US Spread Spectrum Allocation US DSRC Allocation

Ch - Channel Frequency (GHz)

DSRC - Dedicated Short-Range Communications

800 to 900 MHz

The multi-application OBUs use a 360 deg. horizontal

800 to 900 MHz

The multi-application OBUs use a 360 deg. horizontal

5.850-5.865 GHz 909.75-921.75 MHz

5.875-5.885 and 5.915-5.925 GHz

(Built-in and connected to the

(Built-in and connected to an

PUBLIC SAFETY - Long Range (300 – 1000 m)

Prepared for ASTM

DSRC - Dedicated Short-Range Communications

EMERGENCY VEHICLE APPROACH WARNING

VEHICLE VEHICLE In-Vehicle VEHICLE VEHICLE

Emergency Vehicle Approach