The Conditional,

Biconditional and
Related Statements
GED0103 Mathematics in the Modern World
Outline
i. Conditional Statements
ii. An Equivalent Form of the Conditional
iii. The Negation of the Conditional
iv. The Biconditional
v. Equivalent Forms of the Conditional
vi. The Converse, Inverse and the Contrapositive
I. Conditional Statements
✘ 
Conditional statements can be written in form or in form.

Examples:
 If we order pizza, then we can have it delivered.
 If you go to the movie, you will not be able to meet us for dinner.
 If n is a prime number greater than 2, then n is an odd number.

In any conditional statement represented by “If p, then q” or by “If p, q,” the p statement is
called the antecedent/premise and the q statement is called the consequent/conclusion.

N. Blas GED0103 Mathematics in the Modern World Module 2: Logic

 Example: Identify the antecedent and consequent in the following statements.

a. If our school was this nice, I would go there more than once a week.
—The Basketball Diaries
b. If you don’t stop and look around once in a while, you could miss it.
—Ferris in Ferris Bueller’s Day Off
c. If you strike me down, I shall become more powerful than you can possibly imagine.
—Obi-Wan Kenobi, Star Wars, Episode IV, A New Hope

N. Blas GED0103 Mathematics in the Modern World Module 2: Logic

SOLUTION:

a. Antecedent: our school was this nice

Consequent: I would go there more than once a week
b. Antecedent: you don’t stop and look around once in a while
Consequent: you could miss it
c. Antecedent: you strike me down
Consequent: I shall become more powerful than you can possibly imagine

N. Blas GED0103 Mathematics in the Modern World Module 2: Logic

 
✘ “If
  , then ” can be written using the arrow notation The arrow notation is read as “If ,
then ” or implies .
 is FALSE only when the premise is true and the conclusion is false. Otherwise, it is
true.
 Examples:

a) If , then June 26, 2020 is a Friday.

 The statements and June 26, 2020 is a Friday are BOTH TRUE. Therefore, the truth
value of this conditional is TRUE.
b) If the sun is bigger than the moon then June 30, 2020 is a Thursday.
 The premise if TRUE, but the conclusion is False. Therefore, the truth value of this
conditional is FALSE.

N. Blas GED0103 Mathematics in the Modern World Module 2: Logic

 Example: Determine the truth value of each of the following.
a) If 2 is an integer, then 2 is a rational number.
b) If 3 is a negative number, then .
c) If , then

SOLUTION:
d) Because the conclusion is true, this is a true statement.
e) Because the premise is false, this is a true statement.
f) Because the premise is true and the conclusion is false, this is a false statement.

N. Blas GED0103 Mathematics in the Modern World Module 2: Logic

 Truth Table for the
Conditional
T T T
T F F
F T T
F F T

N. Blas GED0103 Mathematics in the Modern World Module 2: Logic

 II. An Equivalent Form of the
Conditional
✘  conditional is equivalent to the disjunction .
The

Example: Write each of the following in its equivalent disjunctive form.

a. If I could play the guitar, I would join the band.
b. If David Beckham cannot play, then his team will lose.

Solution:
c. I cannot play the guitar or I would join the band.
d. David Beckham can play or his team will lose.
N. Blas GED0103 Mathematics in the Modern World Module 2: Logic
III. The Negation of the Conditional
✘ 

Example: Write the negation of each conditional statement.

a. If they pay me the money, I will sign the contract.
b. If the lines are parallel, then they do not intersect.

Solution:
c. They paid me the money and I did not sign the contract.
d. The lines are parallel and they intersect.
N. Blas GED0103 Mathematics in the Modern World Module 2: Logic
IV. The Biconditional
 
The statement is called biconditional is denoted by , which is read as “
if and only if

 is true if and have the SAME TRUTH VALUE.

N. Blas GED0103 Mathematics in the Modern World Module 2: Logic

 Truth Table for the
Biconditional
T T T
T F F
F T F
F F T

N. Blas GED0103 Mathematics in the Modern World Module 2: Logic

 ✘ 
Example: State whether each biconditional is true or false.
a. if and only if .
b. if and only if .

SOLUTION:
a. Both equations are true when , and both are false when.
Both equations have the same truth value for any value of , so this is a true
statement.
b. If , the first equation is true and the second equation is false. Thus, this is a false statement.

N. Blas GED0103 Mathematics in the Modern World Module 2: Logic

 V. Equivalent Forms of the
Conditional
Every conditional statement can be stated in many equivalent forms. It is not even necessary to state the
antecedent before the consequent. For instance, the conditional
“If I live in Boston, then I must live in Massachusetts”
can also be stated as
I must live in Massachusetts, if I live in Boston.

N. Blas GED0103 Mathematics in the Modern World Module 2: Logic

 ✘ 
Example: Write each of the following in “If , then ” form.
a) The number is an even number provided that it is divisible by 2.
b) Today is Friday, only if yesterday was Thursday.

Solution:
c) If it is divisible by 2, then the number is an even number.
d) If today is Friday, then yesterday was Thursday,

N. Blas GED0103 Mathematics in the Modern World Module 2: Logic

VI. The Converse, Inverse and the
Contrapositive

✘ 
Note:
 the conditional (contrapositive)
 the converse (inverse)

N. Blas GED0103 Mathematics in the Modern World Module 2: Logic

 Example: Write the converse, inverse and contrapositive of

If I get the job, then I will rent the apartment.

Solution:
Converse: If I rent the apartment, then I get the job.
Inverse: If I do not get the job, then I will not rent the apartment.
Contrapositive: If I do not rent the apartment, then I did not get the job.

N. Blas GED0103 Mathematics in the Modern World Module 2: Logic

 Which are NOT equivalent to
All cars have wheels.
A. If it is a car then it has wheels.
B. If it is not a car then it has no wheels.
C. If it has no wheels then it is not a car.
D. If it has wheels then it is a car.
E. It has wheels if it is a car.
F. It is a car only if it has wheels.
N. Blas GED0103 Mathematics in the Modern World Module 2: Logic
 Any questions?
If you have question about our discussion today, you can message
me here in Canvas or send me an email at aadvincula@feu.edu.ph

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