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Long Term Evolution (LTE) and

System Architecture Evolution (SAE)




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ontents

> Why LTE/SAE?

> LTE Overview
> LTE technical objectives and architecture
> LTE radio interface
> RAN interfaces
> SAE architechture [3GPP TS 23.401]
> Functions of eNB
> Functions of aGW
> GTP-U tunneling
> Non-3GPP access tunneling
> Testing challenges with LTE
> LTE standardisation status




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Why LTE/SAE?

> Packet Switched data is becoming more and more dominant

> VoIP is the most efficient method to transfer voice data
  Need for PS optimised system
> Amount of data is continuously growing
  Need for higher data rates at lower cost
> Users demand better quality to accept new services
  High quality needs to be quaranteed
ð Alternative solution for non-3GPP technologies (WiMAX) needed

> LTE will enhance the system to satisfy these requirements.





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LTE Overview

> 3GPP R8 solution for the next 10 years

> Peaks rates: DL 100Mbps with OFDMA, UL 50Mbps with S-FDMA
> Latency for ontrol-plane < 100ms, for User-plane < 5ms
> Optimised for packet switched domain, supporting VoIP
> Scaleable RF bandwidth between 1.25MHz to 20MHz
> 200 users per cell in active state
> Supports MBMS multimedia services
> Uses MIMO multiple antenna technology
> Optimised for 0-15km/h mobile speed and support for up-to 120-350
km/h
> No soft handover, Intra-RAT handovers with UTRAN
> Simpler E-UTRAN architecture: no RN, no S domain, no DH




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LTE technical objectives and architecture

> User throughput [/MHz]:

± Downlink: 3 to 4 times Release 6 HSDPA
± Uplink: 2 to 3 times Release 6 Enhanced Uplink
> Downlink apacity: Peak data rate of 100 Mbps in 20 MHz maximum
bandwidth
> Uplink capacity: Peak data rate of 50 Mbps in 20 MHz maximum
bandwidth
> Latency: Transition time less than 5 ms in ideal conditions (user
plane), 100 ms control plane (fast connection setup)




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> Mobility: Optimised for low speed but supporting 120 km/h
± Most data users are less mobile!
> Simplified architecture: Simpler E-UTRAN architecture: no RN, no
S domain, no DH
> Scalable bandwidth: 1.25MHz to 20MHz: Deployment possible in
GSM bands.




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LTE radio interface

> New radio interface modulation: S-FDMA UL

and OFDMA DL
± Frequency division, TTI 1 ms
± Scalable bandwidth 1.25-20MHz
± TDD and FDD modes
‡ UL/DL in either in same or in another
frequncy
± OFDMA has multiple orthogonal subcarries
that can be shared between users
‡ quickly adjustable bandwith per user
± S-FDMA is technically similar to OFDMA
but is better suited for uplink from hand-held
devices 




‡ Single carrier, time space multiplexing
‡ Tx consumes less power




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LTE/SAE Keywords

> aGW Access Gateway

> eNB Evolved NodeB
> EP Evolved Packet ore
> E-UTRAN Evolved UTRAN
> IASA Inter-Access System Anchor
> LTE Long Term Evolution of UTRAN
> MME Mobility Management Entity
> OFDMA Ortogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access
> S-FDMA Single arrier Frequency Division Multiple Access
> SAE System Architecture Evolution
> UPE User Plane Entity




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RAN interfaces
>X2 interface between eNBs for
handovers
!"
>Handover in 10 ms

>No soft handovers
>Interfaces using IP over 
E1/T1/ATM/Ethernet /« $
>Load sharing in S1 !#
>S1 divided to S1-U (to UPE) and S1-
 (to PE) 

>Single node failure has limited 

effects $






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| 

> SAE architecture [3GPP TS 23.401]

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| 

SAE architechture [3GPP TS 23.401]

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| 

Functions of eNB

> Terminates RR, RL and MA protocols and takes care of Radio
Resource Management functions
± ontrols radio bearers
± ontrols radio admissions
± ontrols mobility connections
± Allocates radio resources dynamically (scheduling)
± Receives measurement reports from UE
> Selects MME at UE attachment
> Schedules and transmits paging messages coming from MME
> Schedules and transmits broadcast information coming from MME &
O&M
> Decides measurement report configuration for mobility and scheduling
> Does IP header compression and encryption of user data streams




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Functions of aGW

> Takes care of Mobility Management Entity (MME) functions

± Manages and stores UE context
± Generates temporary identities and allocates them to UEs
± hecks authorization
± Distributes paging messages to eNBs
± Takes care of security protocol
± ontrols idle state mobility
± ontrol SAE bearers
± iphers & integrity protects NAS signaling




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> Takes care of User Plane Entity (UPE) functions

± Terminates for idle state UEs the downlink data path and
triggers/initiates paging when downlink data arrive for the UE.
± Manages and stores UE contexts, e.g. parameters of the IP bearer
service or network internal routing information.
± Switches user plane for UE mobility
± Terminates user plane packets for paging reasons




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| 

Functions

!"




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| 

> LTE ontrol Plane

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| 

> LTE User Plane

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| 

GTP-U tunneling
Header compression &
encryption

UE eNB UPE SAE GW S5 PDN Server

X1 S1 S11 SGi
SAE GW
Application Application

TP/UDP u TP/UDP
IPv6/v4 EN IPv6/v4
PDP PDP GTP
GTP--U GTP--U GTP
GTP GTP--U GTP--U GTP
GTP GTP--U GTP--U
GTP
RL RL
MA UDP UDP UDP UDP UDP UDP L2 L2 L2

MA IP IP IP IP IP IP

L2 L2 L2 L2 L2 L2 L1 L1 L1
Radio L1 Radio L1 L1 L1 L1 L1 L1
L1




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| 

Non-3GPP access tunneling

UE AP PDN Server
WLAN S2 SAE GW SGi
Application
HA TP/UDP
IPv4/6 IPv4/6
MIP MIP
UDP UDP IP IPv6/v4

IP L2 L2 L2
IP IP IP IP

L2 L2 L2 L2 L1 L1 L1
L1 L1 L1 L1




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Testing challenges with LTE

> How to optimize radio interface?

± No radio measurement data available since no ´Iub-like´ interface
> Increased complexity of eNB
± need for analysis of internal traffic
± need for internal debugging
± need for analysis of protocol data
> How to test inter-eNB handovers?
> How to test inter-system handovers?
> How to test voice and video broadcast?
> 10x higher throughput   How to verify eNB performance?
> How to test application level QoS? How to verify SLA?
> How to handle network management challenges?




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LTE standardisation status

> Specification work done by 3GPP TS RAN.

> First 3GPP specs expected 3Q2007
> First trials expected 2008
> ommercial release expected 2009
> NetHawk is member in 3GPP and follows closely the standardisation
work

 # >

Commercial
Specification Trials
Release

È

 
  




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