Inclusive Tourism

Tourism

Tourism provides a wide range of economic opportunities, especially for

developing and least developed countries:

Transport, communications, infrastructure, education, security, health,

immigration, customs, accommodation, agriculture and creative
industries
 Inclusive Tourism

Aim?
•to foster linkages and interaction between the different actors in the tourism industry
•to form partnerships with private actors and stimulates the local economy
•to promote the integration of women and the active involvement of local communities
•to emphasise sustainability by taking environmental, social and economic factors into
account

How?
•by integrating poor local communities in tourism value chains through active entrepreneurial
participation
•by ensuring tourism products/services meet international requirements
•by providing market expertise, capacity building, policy advocacy, and formal market
linkages
•by working with existing tourism destinations and supply sectors
The typical visitor journey
A simplified Tourism Value Chain
(ex. Uganda)
 United Nations
Steering Committee on Tourism for Development
Delivering as One for Tourism

The SCTD is an innovative approach to Delivering as One: Delivering as One for

Tourism, as a sectoral approach. It is a transformational partnership.

SCTD main objectives:

1. Support Developing countries needs for implementing tourism for development in

an integrated approach, building on the strengths of each UN agency
2. Monitor progress of development through DTIS (Diagnostic of Trade
Integration Study), as well as through new econometric models
3. Mobilize necessary financial resources through existing funding
mechanisms (such as EIF), and work towards the creation of a Multi Donors Trust
Fund for Tourism (for LDCs, and countries -ODA eligible).
4. Mainstream tourism in the global development agenda, as an instrument for
development, poverty reduction and a green growth.
 SCTD Tourism Services Portfolio
“Tourism for Development”

Integrated Tourism Development

The SCTD provides specialized tourism assistance aimed to maximize tourism’s
capacity to support countries in reaching their development goals, while preserving
their cultural and environmental assets. The Services Portfolio on Tourism for
Development compiles the services available to LDCs and developing countries.
The Services Portfolio makes available over 50 types of services organized around four pillars:
Areas of intervention Implementing agencies

1 BBuilding good governance and sustainability in tourism UNWTO

ITC
UNDP
2 Promoting investment in the tourism economy UNEP
ILO
UNESCO
3 Fostering the poverty reduction impact of tourism
UNIDO
UNCTAD
4 Encouraging human resources development WTO
 3. Fostering the poverty reduction impact of tourism

Reducing poverty by developing value-chain linkages between the tourism

industry and local producers of goods and services in LDCs

A. Rationale for working on business linkages for poverty reduction

-90% of DTIS linked to tourism state the creation of business linkages as key
challenge.
-Increasing interest by hotel chains, restaurants and tour operators to invest more in
local sourcing.
-Limited capacities and skills of entrepreneurs to meet quality requirements of hotels,
restaurants and tour operators.

B. Objective of joint support

- Maximise the tourism industry’s positive impact on local producers and service
providers & entrepreneurs (e.g. agro-food, creative industries, services).
- LDCs able to take advantage of the complementary institutional and technical
strengths of the different SCTD/UN Agencies (ITC, UNWTO, UNCTAD, UNDP and ILO).
 3. Fostering the poverty reduction impact of tourism

Applying an integrated approach to developing sustainable & inclusive

business linkages

A. In-depth feasibility assessment identifying products and services currently sourced

from abroad by the tourism industry that could potentially be met by local supply.

B. Facilitate stakeholder meetings to identify business opportunities for the tourism

industry and how a demand-driven approach can link them with local producers.

C. Enhance supply capacity, consistency and quality characteristics of local products

and services to meet demand requirements of tourism industry and their customers.

D. Cross-cutting: Strengthen support services by trade and tourism support entities

and affected communities through the development of institutional capacities.
ITC Inclusive Tourism Opportunity Study Guidelines
Aim: guideline to carry out a value chain based Inclusive Tourism needs assessment/project formulation
identification of "winner" tourism products and services with market potential
Identification of small producers that produce or could produce the selected products and services

PHASE 1: DIAGNOSIS OF THE CURRENT SITUATION AND CONTEXT

•Step 1- Defining scope and target group(s)
•Step 2- Mapping the Value Chain and its Context
•Step 3- Mapping where the Poor Participate
•Step 4- Conduct fieldwork with Tourists, Enterprises and Support Institutions to gather data and perspectives
•Step 5- Tracking Revenue Flows, Pro-Poor Income and Barriers facing the poor (pro-poor income)

PHASE 2: PROJECT OPPORTUNITIES, PRIORITIZATION AND FEASIBILITY

•Step 6- Identifying where in the Value Chain to seek change
•Step 7- Analysis of strategies
•Step 8- Developing a long list of intervention options
•Step 9- Developing the short list

PHASE 3: DEVELOPMENT OF A WORKPLAN

•Step 10- Developing a project idea
•Step 11- Project programming
 
FOLLOWED BY:  
•Validation roundtable with stakeholder and government to refine and validate project proposal
•Submission of proposal to donors & Implementation

The target audience:

•International and national consultants
•Government
Assessment of Tourism Value Chain & Service providers
Pro-poor income mapping

Accommodation Food Tours /Excursions Handicraft

Provider
Service

Resort Hotel G.house Rest. Stalls Markets TO Guide Transp Private Farm Shops Stalls

Company Family/ Family/

Owner

Family/ Family/ Comp. Ind. Comp. Comp. Family/

Individ Individ
Individ. Individual Individu
Private
Family Priv.in al
invest Company
vest
Coop.
Foreign/local local local Foreign/local local

Fairly poor/
Fairly poor/ Poor Fairly poor / poor or rural poor
Worker

Fairly poor Poor or rural

poor

WsP WsP WsP / EM WiM / EM

Fruit & veg Vendor –
wholesalers – distributors
Markets Villages / tourist sites / transport companies/ Wholesalers WiM
supplier
Direct

Construction Meat producer / vendor Homes Producers

& equipment Fisherman Local transport EM
companies Local transport Sufficient or fairly poor
Bread/noodle/rice supplier
Food (dry) vendor Sufficient/ Fairly poor/ Poor Fairly poor/rural p.
Coffee/tea grower WsP
supplier
Indirect

Construction workers Individual Farmers Raw silk producer,

Furniture Makers
Transport companies
Cotton producer, Raw
Farmers groups
material intermediary
Thai /Vietnam/Laos
WiM/EM

WsP: woman a significant proportion

Fairly poor/poor
WiM: Women in majority
EM: Ethnic minority
Implementation – ITC Inclusive Tourism Training Modules
Linking agriculture to tourism markets

The Module on Agriculture illustrates possible interventions and partnerships

between agro products and the tourism industry.

Aim: To provide farmers and fishermen with the tools they need to assess the
tourism market, and buyers with the skills to develop sustainable partnerships with
local producers.

The target audience:

•Representatives of farmer community institutions
•Potential and existing private sector partners
•Government representatives involved in
the tourism sector or other related industries
•Local support organizations (NGOs)
Linking environmental management and climate change
to tourism markets
The Environment Management and climate change module shows how to
manage tourism developments optimally in terms of the environment.

Aim: To encourage governments, businesses, communities and people to ‘act

locally while thinking globally’. Information on efficient and effective energy use,
reduction in wastes, recycling and re-use and guidelines on environmental
management for eco-hospitality.

The target audience:

•Micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSME’s)
•Producer groups, governmental bodies
•Community institutions & NGOs
•Tourism industry (Tour operators, Hotels, Restaurants)
Linking artists to tourism markets

The artistic-cultural training module shows ways to develop local artistic and
cultural services and marketing these through the tourism value chain.

Aim: to develop and market local artistic and cultural services.

The target audience:

•Public sector offices
•Private sector associations
•NGOs supporting the artistic sector
•Artists’ associations/organizations
•Private tourism sector (Hotels, Tour operator)
•Individual artists
Linking handicraft to tourism markets

The Module on Handicraft products indicates ways for artisans on how to adapt
their products to international requirements (quality, trends, design…) and link their
products to tourist markets.

Aim: to increase the artisans’ income and to provide facilitators with the know-how
to develop sustainable business linkages between handicraft producers and the
tourism markets.

The target audience:

•Micro, small and medium-sized enterprises
(MSME’s)
•Producer groups and associations
•Governmental bodies
•NGOs supporting the craft sector
Linking hospitality to tourism markets
The Hospitality Management manual describes how the hospitality and catering
industry operates optimally to fulfil guest expectations and needs.

Aim: To establish an appealing and suitable teaching method for tourist

establishments in developing countries focus on typical gaps and barriers.

The target audience:

•Micro, small and medium-sized enterprises
(MSME’s)
•Community institutions and NGOs
•Tourism industry (Hotels, Restaurants)
 Impact Measurement Tool

Tailor-made for the following sectors:

• Agro-food products
• Creative Industries
• Inclusive Tourism Survey
A. Social indicators
Undertaken at 3 stages of the project: B. Economic indicators
C. Community development
D. Project-specific information
• start, prior to project implementation (baseline) (agriculture, textile or tourism
• half-way to be able to take corrective actions sector)

• completion of project in order to assess final impact

Face to face interviews with beneficiary households

 Indicators

Social indicators: Community development:

indicators:
- Housing situation - Nutrition
- Literacy and education - Access to facilities (education, infrastructure,
health services)
-Membership of co-operatives

Economic indicators: Product-specific information:

- Annual income - Materials used and availability

- Ownership of assets/livestock - Environmental impact
Examples of applying the IMT -
Results of inclusive tourism project in Brazil
Social indicators: Education level – family members

Results: Decrease in illiteracy

Education level - family members

50% 47%
% of total beneficiaries

40% 37%

30%
22%
20%
10% 11% 12% 10%
8%
10% 5% 5% 7% 5% 5% 5% 4% 5%
2% 2%
0%
Illiterate Basic High Pre-school High Basic Literate University University
education school school not education completed not
not completed completed completed completed
completed

2005 2007
Results: Applying the IMT
Economic indicators: Family income level

Results: Increase of households income

Family income level

50%

39%
40%
% of total households

32%
30% 27%
22%
20%
14%
11% 10%
10% 7% 6% 6% 6%
4% 3% 5% 4% 2%
1% 1%
0%
Up to 1/2 1/2 - 1 MS 1 - 2 MS 2 - 3 MS 3 - 5 MS 5 - 10 MS More than No income Doesn't
MS 10 MS know/No
answer
2005 2007
MS : minimum salary
Results: Applying the IMT

Tourism indicators: The population’s perception on tourist development’s principal positive

impact

Results: The large majority (73.3%) considers the generation of employment, work and
income as the most important impact

Population’s perception regarding tourist

development’s principal positive impact
Doesn't
know/No
answer
15%
Other
4%

Courses &
Training
2% Creation of
Progress & employment,
Development work and
5% income
74%
ITC project development & implementation
LATIN AMERICA AFRICA ASIA
Brazil Benin India (PD)
Bolivia Gambia (PD) Lao PDR
Colombia (PD) Mozambique Maldives (PD)
El Salvador Senegal (PD) Philippines (PD)
Jamaica (PD) Uganda (PD) Samoa (PD)
MIDLE EAST Tonga (PD)
Syria (PD) Vietnam

PD: Opportunity Study & Project Development

Lessons learnt

• Scaling up: shift from Community-based Tourism to Inclusive Tourism

• Economic sustainability:
• Focus on income generating backward linkages
• Create corporate linkages on local and international level to achieve
win-sin situation (Cruise ship companies, Hotel chains, etc.)
• Tap on existing tourism destinations
• Work only with commercially viable and already existing sectors
• Coordinated assistance by involving several UN agencies (SCTD)
• Use enhanced tourism supply capacity as spring board for exports
Issues – open for discussion

• Government support – weak tourism institutions

• Informality of tourism sector suppliers
• Donor funding cycle of 2-3 years - exit strategy
• External shocks
• Skills development - weak hospitality training facilities
• Women and youth involvement