MINI-LINK E TRAINING

Course Détails
Course Title: PDH Minilink Ericsson Microwave
Course Period: 4 days
Course Target group:
ASIACELL new engineer already pass Transmission
microwave course (fundamental)
ASIACELL new employee that would like to learn about
transmission microwave concept.
ASIACELL new engineer work with PDH Minilink
equipment.

09/13/20 2
 Course Objectives

To describe Minilink equipment architectures.

To define outdoor unit.
To define indoor unit.
To define communication channel(NCC).
To describe traffic rounting.
To present MNM software.
To identify alarm monitor.
To trouble shooting, fault analysis

09/13/20 3
 Course content

 Minilink Main component

 Minilink Module design
 Terminal configuration
 Traffic Rounting
 Outdoor Unit
 Indoor Unit
 Communication channel (NCC)
 Software MNM presentation
 Alarm monitor.
 Trouble shooting, fault analysis

09/13/20 4
Main Components
MINI-LINK E Split
Outdoor units

Indoor units

Single coaxial cable

 Maximum Site Flexibility
MINI-LINK E
Split
• 7-38 GHz
• 2 to 17x2 Mbit/s
• Modular design
• Software controlled traffic routing
• Software configurable traffic capacity
• 1+0, 1+1 or ring protection
• Grooming
 Modular Design
MINI-LINK E Split
7 GHz
• Up to four terminals in one
2x2
indoor access module (AMM) Mbit/s 8 GHz
• Capacity independent outdoor units
• RF frequency independent indoor units 13 GHz
4x2 or 8
Mbit/s
15 GHz

8x2 2x8
Mbit/s Mbit/s
18 GHz

4x8 or 34+2 23 GHz

17x2 Mbit/s Mbit/s

26 GHz

38 GHz
Terminal Configurations
Examples

AMM 1U
AMM 2U-3

Plug-in Units
AMM 4U
MMU (Modem Unit)
SMU (Switch Multiplexer Unit)
SAU (Service Access Unit)
Traffic Routing
MINI-LINK E Split

Access Module
Traffic
router
8x2 Mbit/s

17x2 Mbit/s
2x2 Mbit/s

7x2 Mbit/s Drop / Insert

Front
connector
Outdoor Unit
 Transmitting direction
The incoming signals from the MMU are demultiplexed in the cable interface.
The transmitting IF signal is amplified and fed to the microwave sub-unit for
modulation onto the RF transmitter oscillator. If the signal is missing, the Tx IF
Input Alarm is activated. The frequency of the transmitter is controlled in a
phase locked loop. An unlocked loop generates the Tx Frequency Alarm.
The transmitting RF signal is amplified, frequency multiplied and filtered. The
transmitter can be controlled by switching the final amplifier on or off. The
transmitter output power is measured and a low level generates the RF Output Level
Alarm.

Receiving direction
The received RF signal is down-converted in two steps to an IF of 140 MHz.
The frequency of the receiver is controlled in a phase locked loop. An unlocked
loop generates the Rx Frequency Alarm.
A portion of the output IF signal is used as a reference in an AFC loop. If the
control signal is outside the range, Rx AFC Alarm is activated.
Additionally, a portion of the IF signal is fed to a calibrated detector to provide an
accurate receiver input level measurement.
The level is accessible either as analog voltage at the Alignment port on the RAU.
A low receiver level generates the RF Input Level Alarm or AGC Threshold Alarm.
The outgoing signals to the MMU are multiplexed in the cable interface.
 Common parts

The common parts consist of the RAU Control and Supervision System (CSS).
The main functions of the RAU CSS are:
- Alarm collection, where collected alarms and status signals from the RAU are
sent to the MMU processor. Summary status signals are visualized with LEDs on
the RAU; a green LED indicating Power on (steady) or that the radio unit has
been replaced with a unit with faulty software setup (flashing), and a red LED
indicating faulty radio unit (flashing) or fault in another unit (steady).
- Command handling, where commands from the indoor units are executed. The
commands include transmitter control, channel frequency settings, output power
settings and RF-loop control.
- Radio unit control, where the RAUs internal processes and loops are controlled.
If the processor detects a software fault, it generates Proc Software Alarm. An
interruption during setup generates EEPROM Alarm. Other processor faults
generate Proc Hardware Alarm.
Indoor Unit
 Transmitting direction

The traffic input signals are connected from the MMU front or from an SMU
through the access module backplate. If any of the active signals is faulty, Input
Alarm is generated. For test purposes the traffic input signals can be looped back
(MMU Tx Loops).
MMU 4x2/8 only: The four 2 Mbit/s traffic input signals are multiplexed into one 8
Mbit/s signal. If the 8 Mbit/s signal from the Multiplexer is faulty, Input Alarm is
generated.
Three different service types are multiplexed in the Radio Frame multiplexer for
transmission over the radio path;
- Traffic,
- Service channel and
- Hop Communication Channel (HCC).
This composite data stream is signal processed and pulse shaped to optimise
transmitting spectrum.
The modulator consists of a phase locked voltage controlled oscillator (VCO). The
oscillator is controlled from the far radio. If the modulation index is out of range, the
Mod Index Alarm is generated.
For test purpose, the IF Loop can be activated. It loops the signal after the
modulator to the demodulator in the receiving direction.
 Receiving direction

The signal from the RAU is AGC amplified and filtered. It is then demultiplexed and
FEC corrected in the Radio Frame demultiplexer. The demultiplexer generates the
Radio Frame Alarm if frame synchronization is lost. The number of errored bits in
the traffic data stream is measured. These are used for performance monitoring and
BER detection. The BER Alarm is activated when the BER alarm threshold, which
is software setable, is exceeded.
If the received bit stream comes from a radio with an ID differing from the Far End
ID set, a Radio ID Alarm is generated. A Dmod Clock Alarm is generated if the
received data rate does not correspond to the internal data rate of the MMU.
AIS is inserted at the receiving direction in case of failure, see section 5.5.2. AIS
Received Alarm indicates that an AIS signal is received.
In 1+1 configurations, if the receiver fails to synchronise the received traffic signal
to the MMUs, Hitless Phase Alarm is activated to indicate that the 1+1 switching is
not hitless.
MMU 4x2/8 only: The incoming 8 Mbit/s signal is demultiplexed into 2 Mbit/s
signals. If the signal is lost, or there is a frame lock error on the signal, the System
Line Fault E2:1 Alarm or Frame E2:1 Alarm respectively are generated.
For test purpose, the traffic output signals can be looped back to the transmitting
direction (MMU Rx Loops). This is made in the traffic router.
 Common parts

A microprocessor-based control and supervisory system, CSS, is built into the

MMU. Its main functions are to collect alarms, control settings and loop tests and
handle the bit error collection. The processor communicates with the RAU and the
remote MMU over the hop. The RCC Alarm (Radio Communication Channel) indicates
lost communication with the RAU and the HCC Alarm (Hop Communication Channel)
with the remote MMU.
In 1+0 configurations the processor also handles the terminal communication with
the SMU holding the optional MUXes, and the communication with other terminals
in the AMM. Communication lost with the SMU is indicated by the NCC MUX
Alarm (Node Communication Channel). If communication is lost with the other
terminals within the AMM, the NCC Ext Alarm is generated.
If the processor detects a software fault, it generates Proc Software Alarm. An
interruption during setup, generates the EEPROM Alarm.
Processor faults not covered by the above, generate the Proc Hardware Alarm.
 Transmitting direction

In each multiplexer four 2 Mbit/s signals are multiplexed into an 8 Mbit/s signal. In
an SMU 16x2, the four 8 Mbit/s signals are further multiplexed into a 34 Mbit/s
signal. If any of the incoming signals is faulty, an Input Alarm is activated.
For test purposes, the traffic input signals can be looped back (SMU Tx Loops).

Receiving direction

The 34 Mbit/s signal in an SMU16x2 is first converted into four 8 Mbit/s signals.
The 8 Mbit/s signal is demultiplexed into four 2 Mbit/s signals. If the signal is lost,
or there is a frame lock error on the signal, the System Line Fault Alarm or Frame
Alarm respectively are generated.
For test purposes, SMU Rx Loops can be set to loop back the output traffic signals.
AIS is inserted at the receiving direction in case of failure.
 Common parts
A microprocessor-based control and supervisory system, CSS, is built into the
SMU. Its main functions are to collect alarms and control 1+1 switching and loop
tests.
In transmitter switching, transmitter is selected automatically on alarm information
from the transmitter section of the RAU or MMU, or manually from the MMU front
panel or PC.
There are two types of receiver switching; hitless switching, for fading, and
hardware switching. The hardware switching is controlled automatically from the
SMU processor or manually from the MMU front or the PC.
In case of faults in the switching, the switch logic generates Switch Logic Alarm.
When the transmitter is replaced due to an alarm, Tx Switch Over Alarm is
generated. When the transmitter is replaced due to a request from the remote
terminal, Rem Tx Switch Over Alarm is generated.
The SMU processor communicates with the MMU(s) in the same terminal and with
other terminals in the AMM. Communication lost with the MMU(s) activates the
NCC Ra Alarm (Node Communication Channel), and with the other terminals the
NCC Ext Alarm. (See section 4.1.2 for the different communication channels in a
sub-network.)
If the processor detects a software fault, it generates the Proc Software Alarm. An
interruption during setup, generates the EEPROM Alarm.
Processor faults not covered by the above, generate the Proc Hardware Alarm.
Communication Channels
 The NCC (Node Communication Channel) transfers data between the units in
an access module. The Expanded Node Communication Channel transfers data
between max. two AMMs and one E Micro at the same site.
The RCC (Radio Communication Channel) transfers data between the MMU
and the RAU.
The HCC (Hop Communication Channel) transfers data between MMUs over
the hop.
The EAC (External Alarm Channel) transfers data from the SAU in the access
module to other SAUs or MINI-LINK C and MkII equipment on a site.
The RAC (Remote Alarm Channel) transfers data from other MINI-LINK
clusters (between SAUs), distributed through transmission lines.
 Switch/MUX Unit (SMU)
· SMU Sw - For 1+1 terminal.
Traffic capacity: 2x2, 4x2/8, 8x2 or 34+2 Mbit/s
· SMU 8x2 - For 1+0 or 1+1 terminals.
Traffic capacity: 8x2 Mbit/s.
· SMU 16x2 - For two 1+0 terminals.
Traffic capacity: One 1+0 terminal with 17x2 Mbit/s and
one 1+0 terminal with 2x2, 4x2/8, 8x2 or 34+2 Mbit/s
- For two 1+0 terminals: Traffic capacity: 8x2 Mbit/s
- For one 1+1 terminal:
Traffic capacity: 17x2, 4x8+2 Mbit/s.
 Modem Unit (MMU)
The MMU is the indoor interface to the radio unit and contains
modulator/demodulator. One MMU per radio unit is required.
The MMU is available
in four versions:
· MMU 2x2 for 2x2 Mbit/s
· MMU 4x2/8 for 4x2 or 8 Mbit/s (includes a 2/8 MUX)
· MMU 2x8 for 2x8 Mbit/s (or 8x2 Mbit/s (with SMU))
· MMU 34+2 for 34+2 Mbit/s (or 17x2 Mbit/s (with SMU))
 RAU1 and RAU2 are microwave radios
with RF transceivers,
which transmit and receive RF signals.
Traffic signals from the indoor units are
processed and converted to
transmitter frequency and sent over the hop.
 Indoor Units

Outdoor Units

Transmit Power

Received Signal Strength

Terminal View without Alarms

 ALARMS MONITORING
Menu bar Terminal window (selected) Terminal window (Far end terminal )

Alarm field

Control and Status

field

Status bar
 MOD FAIL DMOD LOS DMOD FAIL
MOD LOS

MUX LOS TX LOS RX LOS DMUX FAIL

RX FAIL
MUX FAIL
TX FAIL
DMUX LOS

MUX LOS, MOD LOS, TX LOS - transmitting direction, input traffic failure
MUX FAIL, MOD FAIL, TX FAIL - transmitting direction, internal failure
DMUX LOS, DMOD LOS, RX LOS - receiving direction, input traffic failure
DMUX FAIL, DMOD FAIL, RX FAIL - receiving direction, internal failure
EXAMPLES OF COMMON FAULTS
Mux Los
E1 input alarm caused by loss of
input from external equipment
Due to fault connection on the DDF
Contact transmission or BSS
RX LOS
Receiver loss of Signal occurs due to
-Transmission failure at remote end
- Loss of power at remote end
Contact site to find out Power status
Then contact External services &
Transmission department
 Rx Fail
Receiver failure- AFC alarm only
Contact transmission
 Dmux fail alarms
Normal caused by
High temp of mmu – check performance
sub menu for mmu temp
Contact Transmission & site for temp
Status
 MMU Temp
Should normal be below 100
Convert to degrees C 5/9(F-32)
Practical by Minilink equipment
THANK YOU