Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Why referencing
• To distinguish your ideas
• To reinforce your argument
• To show different perspectives
• To allow fact-checking
• To ensure the moral rights of the author
• To avoid plagiarism
Referencing
• Book
– Smith, J. D. (2009).
Research ethics in New Zealand: A student guide.
Wellington, New Zealand: Rata Press.
– In text citation: According to Smith (2009), direct
quotation Smith (2009, p. 22)
Cont..
• Journal Article
– Smith, J. D. (2009). Māori voices: Approaches to
bilingual research. Journal of Academic
Methodologies, 38(3), 17–28.
Database online search
Sample review
Polanyi (1958) was among the first to define tacit
knowledge as personal and unspoken embedded in
an individual. Tacit knowledge sharing activities
among individual employee’s involves the conversion
of their personal tacit knowledge to the organisation
thus adding value (Haldin-Herrgard, 2000).
Investment on sharing tacit knowledge activities can
improves organisational performance (Iqbal,
Toulson, & Tweed, 2010). Few researchers have
investigated employees’ knowledge sharing in
academic institutions (Sohail & Daud, 2009).
Literature review
Descriptive Critical
• State what happened • Highlight the significance
• State something like • Evaluate strengths and
weaknesses
• Provide a story of different • Weigh one piece of
components information with other
• State what a theory states • Argue why theory is
• State options relevant
• Provide logical reasoning
• Give information
• Position yourself
Cont..
• Excerpt from the uploaded document
• A literature review may be published as an independent
report or as part of a larger report. The purpose of both is to
provide information on current publications about a
particular topic.
• It helps to:
– 1) identify various important issues/questions raised in the
literature, and
– (2) sort and categorize experts’ views according to the
issues/questions identified in the literature.
Cont..
• Purpose: to update your audience/readers
• In this course, Assignment A2 will build your
skills in the following areas: critical reading,
evaluation, analysis, synthesis, report
organization, use and integration of sources,
and APA documentation.
• Synthesis means to put together, and occurs when two or
more things are combined to create something new --
whether it is a new idea, a new fabric, a new sound, or a new
piece of writing. Thus, for this assignment you will be
combining material from several texts to create a new text
Cont.
• You must remain objective and unbiased as
you review the literature. Remember, your
purpose is only to report on what has been
written recently about your topic.
• Connecting words:
– While, however, consequently, recently, in
addition.
– It will create a flow of ideas.
Customer switching in Pakistani Banks
• Customer switching is injurious for every bank.
• The diversity in banking sector of Pakistan could
make a positive or negative impact on banks
customers loyalty and switching.
• A study investigates the seven factors (Price,
Reputation, Service Quality, Effective Advertising
Competition, Involuntary Switching, Distance and
Switching Cost) of customer switching which effects
retail banking operations in Pakistan.
• Price and advertising competition identified as most
important and least important influential factors
respectively on customer switching.
Customers’ loyalty
• Customer loyalty always remains a prime
concern for business organization. Results
of one study indicate a positive
relationship among customer satisfaction,
customer relationship, image of the
product, trustworthiness and customer
loyalty.
Online shopping in New Zealand-Sample
Shergill, G. S., & Chen, Z. (2005). Web-based shopping: consumers’ attitudes towards online shopping in New
Zealand. Journal of Electronic Commerce Research, 6(2), 79-94.