Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
SOURCES
PREPARED BY: NAMIRAH AKAHSAH
LEARNING OUTCOME
■ The student must be able to:
▫ - books
▫ - journals
▫ - Newspaper
▫ - Works by association or
corporations
▫ - Encyclopedias
▫ - Dictionaries
▫ - Technical reports
▫ - Websites
▫ - Electronic journal articles.
WHEN DO USE CITATION?
If you fail to
acknowledge your scores,
you are guilty of
plagiarism.
It is not plagiarism to
present other people’s
ides in your essay, it is
plagiarism to present
other people’s ideas as
your own
The following is considered as
PLAGIARISM :
[Based on MLA
Handbook for Writers
of Research Paper, 7th
Ed, 2009]
BASIC ELEMENTS OF MLA CITATION STYLE
STYLE
ASSOCIATION
(APA)
[Based on Publication
Manual of the APA
Psyhcoligical
Association 2010, 6th
Ed)
BASIC ELEMENTS OF APA CITATION
STYLE
■ Alphabetical order by author in the bibliographical list
■ Referenced authors organized in the bibliographic list by last
name, first initial, then middle initial.
Two Use ‘and’ (don’t change 2nd Use ‘&’ (list all by last names
authors name) and initials)
Inherited Raja Ahmad bin Raja Raja Ahmad bin Raja Iskandar
Names Iskandar Raja Ahmad Raja Iskandar
Raja Ahmad Raja Iskandar Raja Iskandar, R. A.
Raja Iskandar, Raja Ahmad
Conferred Tun Mahathir Mohammad Tun Mahathir Mohammad
titles Mahathir Mohammad Mahathir Mohammad
Mohammad, Mahathir Mohammad, M.
APA/ MLA CITATIONS
FOR PRINTED
MATERIALS
Books [General reference format]
MLA STYLE APA STYLE
Author last name, first name. Title of Book Author, A. A. (Year of publication).
(italic). Place of Publication: Publisher, Title of work: Subtitle. Place of
Year of Publication. Medium. publication: Publisher.
With author
Plath, S. (2000). The unabridged journals (K.V.Kukil,
Ed). New York: Anchor.
Revised edition
Castro, John, Peter, and Michael Helfer, M.E., Keme, R.S., & Drugman
E. Huber. Marriage R.D. (1997). The battered child (5th
Biology. 4th ed. Boston: ed.). Chicago: University of
McGraw-Hill, 2003. Chicago Press.
Print.
Encyclopedia
MLA STYLE APA STYLE
Example:
Usselman, M. (2006). Chemistry. In
The world book encyclopedia
(Vol. 3, pp. 398-407). Chicago,
NA: World Book.
If no author
Title of entry. (2006). In Title of
encyclopedia (Vol. xx, pp. xx-xx).
Place of publication: Publisher.
Periodicals (Journals, Magazines, Newspaper)
MLA STYLE APA STYLE
■
General Author Last, First. “Article Author, A. A. (Year). Title of
work Title.” Journal Name article. Title of Periodical,
cited volume. issue (year): page- volume(issue), page-range.
format
range. Print.
(without author)
“An Unlikely Champion of the Rule of Law.”
Maclean’s 11 June 2007: 31. Print.
Newspaper (with author) (with author)
Article Author Last, First. “Title of Article”. Newspaper Robinson, L. (2002, September 10). Simple
Day Month Year: page number. Medium. solutions to address nursing labour shortage.
The Hamilton Spectator, p. B4.
(without author)
“Ignorance, Politics and the Way of Democracy.” (without author)
Toronto Star 16 June 2007: A2. Print. Medicated gum helpful to seniors. (2002, September
19). The Kitchener-Waterloo Record, pp. C2,
C4.
Conference Papers & Proceedings
MLA STYLE APA STYLE
Presenter, A. A. (Year, Month). Title of paper. Hamzah Zainuddin, & Azizah Hamzah. (2000).
Paper presented at the meeting of Organization International trade agreement of intellectual
Name, Location. properties. In Chong, A.C. (Ed.), Korean
studies in Southeast Asia: Strategic
Contributor, A. A., & Contributor, B. B. (year). cooperation and development research:
Title of paper or proceeding. In A. Editor Proceedings of the 2nd International
(Ed.), Title of symposium or conference (pp. x- Conference University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur
x). Place of publication: Publisher. (pp. 121-130). Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia:
University of Malaya.
Example:
Nadaraja Kannan. (2006, November). The
economic depression of the 1930s: Its impact
on race relations in the Federated Malay
State. Paper presented at the International
Association of Historians of Asia Conference,
Manila, Phillippines.
Government Document
General format Author Last, First. “Document title if available.” Author, A. A. (Year). Title of work. Retrieved
One Page/ section : Title of the overall Website, Version or edition from http://www.xxxxx
if available. Publisher or N.p. to designate no
publisher, publication date or n.d. to indicate If no date
that no date was given. Web. Date of access.
Title of website. (n.d.). Retrieved Month day,
Eg: year, from http://www.xxxxx
Sun, Yee-Fan. “Shacking Up.” Digs
Magazine.com. 2005. Web. 5 Sept. 2005.
Note: No URL is
required here,
although it is
necessary to
indicate the
electronic medium.
Websites
■ MLA STYLE APA STYLE
Online Journal Author Last, First. “Title”. Journal Name Volume Sillick, T. J., & Schutte, N. S. (2006). Emotional
Article Number, Issue Number (year of publication): intelligence and self-esteem mediate between
inclusive page numbers. Web. Day Month perceived early parental love and adult happiness.
Year of access. E-Journal of Applied Psychology, 2(2), 38-48.
Retrieved from
Example: http://ojs.lib.swin.edu.au/index.php/ejap
Stenson, Kevin. “Governing the Local:
Sovereignty, Social Governance and OR (doi – digital object identifier)
Community Safety.” Social Work & Society
6.2 (2008): n. pag. Web. 22 Mar. 2009. Wooldrige, M.B., & Shapka, J. (2012). Playing with
technology: Mother-toddler interactions. Journal of
Applied Development Psychology, 33(5), 211-218.
http://dx.doi.org/10.016/j
Journal Article Keary, Anne. “Dancing with Strangers:
from a library Europeans and Australians at First Contact.”
Index or Canadian Journal of History 41 (2006): 613-
Database 616. Academic Search Premier. Web. 17 May
2009.
Websites
MLA STYLE APA STYLE
Encyclopedia Author's Last, First. "Title of Entry.“ Encyclopedia Name. Last, F. M., & Last, F. M. (Year Published) Article title.
from
Internet
■ City: Publisher, Year Published. Website title. Date Month In Encyclopedia Name. Retrieved from URL.
Year Accessed.
Author
Jones, Malcom. "Scatology." Medieval Folklore: An Sadie, S. (2010). Mozart Wolfagang Amedus. In
Encyclopedia of Myths, Legends, Tales, Beliefs, and Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Retrieved from
Customs. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, 2000. Print. 2 Jan. http://www.britannica.com
2012.
No author
Chartres cathedral. (2010). In Encyclopedia Britannica
Online. Retrieved from http:// www.britannica.com
Encyclopedia Author's Last, First. "Title of Entry." Encyclopedia Name. Ed. Last, F. M. (Year Published). Article title. In F. M. Last
from First Name Last Name. Volume number. Place of (Ed.), Encyclopedia Name. (Vol. Volume, pp. Page(s)).
database publication: Publisher, Year of publication. Name of City, State: Publisher. Retrieved from URL
database. Web. Date of access.
Holmes, H. (2003). Advertising of food. In S. H. Katz (Ed.),
Bigus, Jochen. "Business Bankruptcy." Encyclopedia of Law Encyclopedia of Food and Culture. (Vol. 1, pp. 16-20).
& Society: American and Global Perspectives. Ed. David New York, NY: Scribner’s. Retrieved from
S. Clark. Vol. 1. Thousand Oaks: Sage, 2007. Sage http://www.gale.cengage.com
eReference. Web. 16 Apr. 2009.
Websites
MLA STYLE APA STYLE
Newspaper Author Last, First. “Article Title”. Newspaper Name Day Brody, J. E. (2007, December 11). Mental reserves
online
■
Article –
(
Month Year of Publication. Web. Day Month Year of keep brain agile. The New York Times.
Access. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com
WITH
AUTHOR) Mapes, Lynda. “Unearthing Tse-withsen.” Seattle Times 25
May 2005. Web. 1 Aug. 2005.
Newspaper Medicated gum helpful to seniors. (2002,
Article – September 19). The Kitchener-Waterloo
online Record. Retrieved from http://www.xxxxx
( NO
AUTHOR)
Magazine Last, First M. "Article Title." Magazine Title. Date Month Rothbart, D. (2008, October 21). How I caught up
online Year Published. Website Title Web. Date Month Year with dad. Men's Health, 108-113. Retrieved
Accessed. from http://books.google.com
Eg: Rothbart, Davy. "How I Caught up with Dad." Men's
Health 21 Oct. 2008. Google Books Web. 16 Mar. 2010. Database :
China's export prospects: Fear of the dragon.
Database : Last, First M. "Article Title." Magazine (2010, January). The Economist. Retrieved
Title. Date Month Year Published. Database Name Web. from http://academic.lexisnexis.com
Date Month Year Accessed.
Websites
■ MLA STYLE APA STYLE
Online Fitzgerald, Robin. Fear of Crime and the Statistics Canada. (2003). Business
Documents Neighbourhood Context in Canadian dynamics in Canada, 2003 (No.
(such as a Cities. Ottawa: Statistics Canada, 2008. 61-534-XIE). Ottawa, Ontario:
Govt. Web. 4 May 2009. Author. Retrieved from
Document) http://www.statcan.ca/english/freep
ub/61- 534-XIE/61-534-
XIE2007001.htm
Thanks!
Any questions?
You can find me at namirah9532@puncakalam.uitm.edu.my
Room : Level 10, l01/0