Elements of Civil Engineering

Presentation on
“Geographical Information
System”

Vedant Dave 140120119247

Vivek Verma 140120119248
Kuldeep Tiwari 140120119233
Prahar Vyas 140120119251
Nilesh Sharma 140120119215
Guided By:-
Mrs. Priyanka
Mehta Mrs. Ankita
 Flow of
Presentation
1.Introduction to GIS
2.History of Development
3.Key Components of GIS
4.GIS Processes
5. 4 M’s of GIS
6.Contribution Disciplines of
GIS
7.Applications of GIS
8.Research Papers
 Introduction to
GEOGRAPHIC GIS
implies that locations of the data items are known, or can
be calculated, in terms of Geographic coordinates
(Latitude, Longitude)
INFORMATION
implies that the data in a GIS are organized to yield useful
knowledge, often as colored maps and images, but also as
statistical graphics, tables, and various on-screen responses to
interactive queries.
SYSTEM
implies that a GIS is made up from several inter-related and
linked components with different functions. Thus, GIS have
functional capabilities for data capture, input, manipulation,
transformation, visualization, combinations, query, analysis,
modelling and output.
A Model of
• Allow users to create interactive queries.
• Analyze spatial information
• Edit data in maps.
• Geographic concepts, applications, and systems.
• Refers to a number of different technologies,

processes, and methods.

• Foundation for many location-enabled services that
rely on analysis and visualization.
•Relate unrelated information.
•RecordsLocations or extents in the Earth space–time.
The x, y and z axis representating the longitude,
latitude,
 History of
Development
• John Snow's 1855 map of the Soho cholera in the
London.
 1966 GIS demonstrated by Howard
Fisher
 1969 ESRI founded
 1970’s satellites aid GPS
 1971 GIS project used a layering
system to display data
 1979 Odessy developed
 GIS
concepts
 London cholera epidemic
1854

Soh
o

+Cholera death
Water
pump

8
 1986 MapInfo developed

 1986 SPOT satellite was

launched.

 1992 the Lebanon used GIS to

rebuild electricity network
the
KEY COMPONENTS OF
GIS
1. Hardware:-
• Used in stand-alone or networked configurations.
• Chief part of GIS such as Computer etc.
• Help to run centralized computer servers to
desktop

2. Software:-
•Analyse and display geographic information.
•Provides function and tools needed.

3. Data:-
•Collects the geographic and other tabular data
•It assemble to use specifications and requirements
•Integrate spatial data with other existing data
resources
•
4.People
:-
• Developers and users are quiet important.
• Ranges from Specialists to Normal Users.

5. Procedures:-
• Drafting Designs
• Implementing Plans
• Integration into the business strategy and
operation
• Requires necessary investments in hardware
and software
 GIS
Process
Captur
e Data

R
e
g
i Interpr
Store Data s et Data
in t Convert
Computer e Data to
r
Proces Digital
M
s Data Format
a Displa
p y
Results
B
a
4 M’s of
GIS
Measurement Monitoring

Land Use Environment

Cadastral 4 M’s al
Agricultur Assessment
e Drainage
Hydrology Network Model
Terrains
Mappin Modellin
g g
Contribution
Disciplines
 Mathematics
Geography Surveying

Cartograp Photographi
hy cal
GI
S Digital
CAD,CA
Photogramm
M
etry
Automated Remote Sensing
Cartography Technology
Statistic
s
 Applications of
GIS
1. Agriculture
 Farm management
 Pest/Disease tracking
 Crop monitoring
 Yield prediction
 Soil analysis
 2. Natural Resource
Management
 Forestry
 Ecology
 Mining
 Petroleum
 Water Resources
3.Planning and Economic
Development
 Land Use/Zoning
 Emergency Preparedness
 Population Forecast
 Market Analysis
 Property Tax Assessment
 Transportation
 4. Geography
Today’s Matters
challenges require geographic approach
 Climate Change
 Urban Growth
 Sustainable Agriculture
 Water Quality and Availability
 International and National Security
 Energy
 Epidemiology/Disease Tracking
 Natural Hazards: Seismicity, Weather Events
5.Vehicle
Routing
6. Land Use Planning and
Management

Map of Ahmedabad City through

GIS
 7.Environmental
Applications
• Land cover and land use analysis
• Modelling watersheds
• Soil Erosion
• Forest management
• Conservation and Protected Areas

Marine
 8.Business
Applications
• Delivery of goods and services
• Retail store placement
• Distribution of competitors
• Location of potential customers
• Traffic flow
• Parking locations
Expenditures using costumer market
data
 Literature
TOPIC:-
Review
Methodology Result/Conclusion:
Used:- -
An overview of
The hardware and GIS system are the powerful
“Geographic Information
software functions of GIS and effective tool for creating
System" and its role
include:- intelligent maps. The system
and applicability in • Data input functions only when the
Environmental • Data storage requisite expertise is available,
Monitoring and • Data management (data the data are compiled, the
Process Modelling
manipulation, necessary routines are
updating, changing, organized, and the programs
Author:- exchange) are modified to suit the
Miroslav Rusko, • Data reporting (retrieval, application, and/or the
Roman Chovanec, presentation, analysis, organization’s needs. GIS
Dana Roskova combination,
All etc.). and
of these actions integrates all kinds of
operations are applied to information and applications
Volume 29 GIS as a tool that forms with a geographic component
Edition :- its database. into one manageable system.
1stYear:-
2010
 Literature
Review
Methodology Result/Conclusion:
TOPIC:- Used:-
This paper focuses on -
Developing a Web- It is designed to allow viewing,
development and
based GIS Application querying, and analysis of
implementation of a
for geographic information. This
web- based GIS
Earthquake application is a software
application for
Information independent System. It offers
earthquake information.
maximum functionality with
Methods
the
used:- m i
n i
m um eff
o rt.
• Integrating various data fromin such a distributed The drawback
Author :- system is
different sources.
A. Garagon • Provides public users that data come
Dogru , from different sources based
to access information.
T. Selcuk , • Gathers on different forms and datas
information
H. Ozener, which cause havoc in a GIS.
about Earthquakes doing
O. Gurkan, G. Toz The response time for
spatial and attribute
Volume 1 generating maps is related to
query.
Edition :- • Easy data management the map server configuration
1stYear:- (memory, disk, and processor).
including maintenance and
NA
updating.
 Literature
Review
Methodology Result/Conclusion:
Used:- -
TOPIC:-
GIS Technology This paper will identify GIS allows emergency
for Disasters emergency management management needs to be
and Emergency activities and describe identified prior to an
Management how GIS technology plays incident.
a critically important Emergency management
role. personnel can use modeling
Methods Used:- for training, for actual tactical
Author :- •Information analysis deployment during a disaster,
Russ •Mapping or to analyze the
Johnson •Emergency management consequences of a possible
planning disaster. In short, the
Volume 1 •Planning thoughtful application of a
Edition :- 1st Implementation GIS can take
Year:- May •Modifications in much of the panic and
2000 Planning surprise out of emergencies.
•Data Reporting
 Literature
Review
Methodology Result/Conclusion:
Used:- -
The application of GIS in Database designs have been
TOPIC:- transportation, dates from influenced by a number of
GIS and Transportation: the very earliest in the historical practices and
Status and Challenges 1960s. traditions, and three of
Methods these have been of
Used:- particular significance to
• The mapping GIS: map, navigation, and
• The navigation the study of behavior. Six
• Unambiguous research challenges have
Author:-
Michael F. communication been identified, ranging
Goodchil • Connectivity from the technical issues
d • Response to of
new representation and unambiguous
technologies communication of location to
Volume 1 • Map the economic modeling of GIS
Edition :-
Implementation data creation and use.
1st • Map Recovery
 Reference
Websites:-
www.google.com s Books:-
R.B.Khasiya
www.wikipedia.
org
www.mtf.stuba.sk
ncgia.ucsb.edu
www.isprs.org
Journals:
-
Research Author
Papers s
GIS and its role and applicability
1. Environmental Monitoring and Miroslav Rusko, Roman Chovanec,
in
Dana Roskova
Process
Developing
Modelling a Web-based
GIS A. Garagon Dogru , T.
Application for Earthquake Selcuk ,
2.GIS
3. Info.Technology for Disasters and H. Ozener, O. Gurkan, G. Toz
Russ
Emergency
Johnson
Management
4 GIS and Transportation:
and
Status
Michael F.
Goodchild