PRESENTATION ON URBAN WATER CHALLENGES AND

URBAN FLOOD STUDY

By ,
Rajagopalan T S
Vice President (Projects)
Adarsh Developers
 URBAN WATER SUPPLY

 Water is a precious natural resource and one of the most essential

requirements of all living being.

Regions with the highest growth rate are not having access to water
both in terms of quantity and quality

Indian cities receive intermittent water supply

Need is to understand – Quantity is not sufficient an quality is

deteriorating.
 PIPED WATER SUPPLIED IN BANGALORE
 The Bangalore Water Supply and Sewerage Board (BWSSB) is the main
agency that manages drinking water - but it can provide it to only about
60% of the city

Each day, the city pushes 1.4 billion litres of water through its pipes - but
still falls 800 million litres short of meeting the city's ballooning needs

Water comes from the Cauvery River more than 100 km (60 miles) away.
To get to Bangalore, the water must be pumped uphill, at a cost of $6
million a month in electricity

More than 20% is lost to leaks from old and corroded pipes and storage
units

The board is adding a fifth - and likely final - pipeline from the Cauvery,
aiming to give the city an extra 750 million litres a day once the project is
finished in 2023.
 ISSUES AND CHALLENGES
Growing urban water demand

Over exploitation of water resource

A swelling population and poor water management have led to drying taps

Falling groundwater levels and filth-frothed lakes that can burst into
flames

Encroachment, contamination and destruction of lakes and canals in recent

decades, and the extensive concretisation of the city, have fundamentally
reduced the potential of groundwater recharge.

Since July 2016, over 75,000 households in Bengaluru are paying a

penalty of 50% on their monthly water bill. Reason: They have not installed
rainwater harvesting structures
 CAPACITY OF PIPED WATER SUPPLY IN
BANGALORE CITY…
Source Established Potential Actual
During (Year) (MLD) Supply MLD
1. Arkavathi River
a. Hesaragatta 1896 36 -
b. T G Halli 1933 148 60
2. Cauvery River
a. Stage -1 1974 135 135
b. Stage -2 1983 135 135
c. Stage -3 1993 270 270
d. Stage- 4 Phase-1 2002 270 270
e. Stage – Phase -2 2011 500 500
TOTAL 1494 1370
 CAPACITY OF PIPED WATER SUPPLY IN
BANGALORE CITY…
Agency (JICA) survey team, the agency that also funded Cauvery Stage IV, the following constructions have been proposed to be built
by 2023.
135 overhead tanks having the capacity of 1.5 lakh to 25 lakh litres

•61 pumps,Feeder pipes connecting existing Ground Level Reservoirs (GLRs) and Overhead Tanks from within the city and from the
proposed GLRs

•Watertreatment plants in Thoraikadanahalli (TK Halli) reservoir, for 500 MLD of output for Phase 1 and 225 MLD for Phase 2 of
Cauvery Stage V plan.

•Raw water transmission pipeline of 70 kms for 810 MLD flow from TK Halli reservoir,10 kms long conveyance line   1,06,000 house
connections to be provided

•7Ground Level Reservoirs in Vasudevapura Gottigere, Kadugodi Singapura, Chokkanahalli,  Lingadheeranahalli  and
Doddakanahalli .

•Sewerage distribution networks for 2979 kms and distribution mains for 205 kms, Main sewers covering 330 kms and lateral sewers
covering 2243 kms

•14 STPs with the following capacities: Jakkur (7.0/11.0 MLD), Bilishivale ( 17.0/27.0 MLD), Varthur Kodi ( 15.0/24.0 MLD),
Pillaganahalli (4.06/6.0 MLD), Thalaghattapura (5.0/8.0 MLD), Somapura (8.0/12.6 MLD), Hemmigepura (13.0/20.0 MLD),  Harohalli
(3.0/5.0 MLD), Hosahalli (6.0/10.0 MLD), Kariobanahalli (10.0/16.0 MLD), Nagasandara (9.0/13.0 MLD), Chikkabanavara (4.0/10.0
MLD), Doddabettahalli (7.0/11.0 MLD) and Yelahankakere (6.0/15.0 MLD)

•7 Intermediate Sewerage Pumping Systems ( ISPS): The survey has estimated the flow in each ISPS for the year 2034 based on the
proposed design : Bellahalli(0.9 MLD), Naganathapura (9.0 MLD), Hagadur(15.0), Arehalli 1 ( 1.1 MLD), Hemmigepura (1.6 MLD),
Herohalli (0.5 MLD), & Doddabidarakallu (8.1 MLD)
 SUPPLY AND DEMAND GAP
The supply cannot meet the demand

. The unaccounted for water is about 35-40%

To meet the deficit other source of water and tapped

BWSSB is also supplying water through its 7932 borewells and 68 water
tankers
 GROUND WATER SCENARIO
Groundwater plays an important role in the total water supply of the city

40% of the population of Bangalore is dependent on ground water

Number of the bore wells in the city is ranging from200,000 to 400,000

Number of Borewells under BWSSB Control

Total no. Of Borewells – 8550

◦ Defunct Borewells - 618

Working Borewells - 7932

Core area- 3461

CMC area- 4471

Hand pumps - 3818

BWSSB ZONEWISE PIPE WATER SUPPLY AND
GROUND WATER CONSUMPTION
BWSSB has divided Bangalore in to six zone.

Zone Surface Water Groundwater

(MLD) (MLD)
Central 67.10 38.91
North 210.46 87.08
South 184.89 149.45
East 169.19 50.46
West 133.106 176
South East 104.79 67.80
Total 869.54 569.70
BWSSB ZONEWISE PIPE WATER SUPPLY AND
GROUND WATER CONSUMPTION
 CAUVERY WATER SUPPLY SCHEME (CWSS)-STAGE V
This is primarily the construction of a comprehensive water supply and sewerage system undertaken in the 110 villages area alone
in two phases-500 MLD to be supplied in Phase 1 and 225 MLD in Phase 2

Plan is to direct the surplus water from the project to core areas and 8 Urban Local Bodies (ULB) in the next decade (2024-2034)

In Cauvery Stage V, water from Shiva Anekattu or Shiva Balancing Reservoir flows into Netkal Balancing Reservoir. It is then
pumped to Toraikadanahalli water treatment plant. Treated water from Toraikadanahalli is pumped into Bengaluru through pipelines
and Harohalli and Tataguni pumping stations.

Diagram of water flow under Cauvery Stage V. Source: BWSSB

 WATER SUPPLY ENHANCEMENT AND DEMAND
MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES
 Rain water Harvesting

 Reduction of unaccounted for water

Waste water treatment and reuse

 Metering of taps

 Lakes rejuvenation

Tapping of leakages

Educate water users Poor governance and political interference

 LAKE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM BY BBMP
Lakes in BBMP Area
Lakes under BBMP Custody as on 10.12.2019 169
Lakes Transferred from BDA (28),KFD (9) and 36
BMRCL (1) to BBMP vide UDD G.O.
dt:11.12.2019
Lakes under BDAC Custody (Bellandur and 2
varthur Lakes)
207
Development Status of 186 Live lakes in BBMP Custody
Developed Development in progress 75+19+94
Lakes proposed for development under Chief 19
minister’s Nava Nagarothana grants (Tender in
progress)
Remaining Lakes to be developed by BBMP 37
New Lakes handed over to BBMP vide G.O 36
TOTAL 186
 RESTORATION PROCESS OF LAKES BY BBMP
 The Lakes are surveyed by ADLR for fixing lake boundaries and encroachments if any
are removed by the revenue department as per Karnataka Land Revenue Act, 1964

 The lakes are fenced using chain link fencing and RCC/MS poles.

 Consultants are appointed to prepare DPRs for comprehensive Development of lakes

and approval is sought from Karnataka Tank Conservation and Development Authority
(KTDCA) before tendering.

 The phase wise development is taken up as follows:

 Diversion of dry weather flow (Sewage inflow)
 Engineering wetland treatment for wet-weather flow (Storm Water)
 Setting up STP for lakes for balancing the water storage.
 Construction of silt traps for arresting silt
 Desilting of lake to restore its original water holding capacity.
 Improving inlets, construction of catch drains, waste weir etc
URBAN FLOODING