c c
 
 c 
  
c

  
u


 Agenda
Introduction of Wireless LAN
Brief Overview of different Wireless Network
Specifications of different standards
Why 802.11 ?
Architectural Details of
 !!
 !!"
 !!
Existing products
Our Competitors
Our Offerings

c

  
 c #$
( A wireless LAN (WLAN) is a flexible
data communication system implemented
as an extension to, or as an alternative
for, a wired LAN within a building or
campus.
( WLANs use radio frequency (RF)
technology to transmit and receive data
over the air which minimizes the need for
wired connections. Thus, WLANs
combine data connectivity with user
mobility. c

  
 %
$
( -ses electromagnetic airwaves (radio or infrared)
to communicate information from one point to
another.
( The data transmitted is superimposed (modulated)
onto the radio carrier so it can be extracted at the
receiving end.
( The radio signal can occupy more than a single
frequency.
( Multiple radio carriers can exist in the same space
at the same time without interfering with each
other.
( To extract data, a radio receiver tunes in (or
selects) one radio frequency while rejecting all
other radio signals con


  
different frequencies.
 How does WLANs work?
( In a typical wireless LAN configuration, an
access point, connects to the wired network
from a fixed location using standard cabling.
( The access point receives, buffers, and
transmits data between the wireless and wired
network.
( End users access the wireless LAN through
wireless-LAN adapters.
( These adapters provide an interface between
the client network operating system and the
airwaves via an antenna.

c

  
 & c 
( Narrowband Technology

( Spread Spectrum Technology

Frequency-Hopping Spread Spectrum
Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum

( Infrared Technology
c

  
 "
& c '
( Transmits and receives information on a
specific frequency.
( Cross talk is avoided by putting different
users on different channel frequencies.
( Radio receiver filters out all signals
except the ones it is designated for.
( One drawback is that each end-user must
obtain an FCC license for each site.

c

  
 


 & c '
( -sed by most wireless LAN systems.
( Wide band frequency technique that
trades bandwidth efficiency for
reliability, integrity, and security.
( Appears as background noise to receivers
on the wrong frequency.
( There are two types of spread spectrum:
Frequency-Hopping Spread Spectrum
Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum
c

  
() '*%

 


 
( -ses a radio signal that changes
frequency in a pattern

( This is know to both that transmitter and

the receiver. In essence, it maintains a
single logical channel.

( Appears as a short-duration impulse

noise to unintended receiver.
c

  
+ *) 


 
(  enerates a redundant bit pattern or
chip for each bit that is transmitted.
( If one or more bits in the chip are
damaged during transmission, techniques
that are built into the radio can recover
the data without retransmission.
( Appears as low-power wideband noise
and is ignored by most narrowband
receivers.

c

  
,  
( Can range from very simple to complex.

Peer-to-Peer
Client and Access Point
Multi-Access Point and roaming
Extension Points
Directional Antennas

c

  
 ,  


( IEEE 802.11
( IEEE 802.11a
( IEEE 802.11b
( Hyper LANII
( IEEE 802.1x
( Blue tooth

c

  
-  
( Mobility
Allows real-time access to information anywhere in
the organization
 ood for Healthcare, Retail, and Inventory
workers
( Installation in Hard-to-Wire Areas
In some situations making physical connections
between buildings may be uneconomical or
impossible due to natural, man-made, or legal
barriers
The age and/or layout of some office buildings may
make a wireless network a more desirable option
c

  
 Benefits of Wireless Networks
( Reduced Installation Time
Eliminates need to run cable through office
space, saving days or weeks
Making physical links between buildings
may take weeks or even months
( Increased Reliability
Cable damage or failure is a major cause of
network downtime
Less reliability on physical links = Increased
network reliability

c

  
 Benefits of Wireless Networks

( Long Term Cost Savings

No wires to repair or replace
Reduced reorganization costs

c

  


   
( Provides benefits to all Industries with a
need for mobile computer usage
requiring real-time access or when the
installation of physical media is not
feasible
(  ood for ³front line´ workers
( Eliminates paperwork, decreases errors,
reduces process costs, and improves
efficiency

c

  
 Applications of Wireless Networks
( Retail
Allows clerks to perform functions such as pricing and
checking inventory from the sales floor
( Warehousing
Staff can keep track of inventory more efficiently using
wireless computing
Forklift operators can fill orders faster
( Real Estate
Agents spend most of their time out of the office
Wireless computing eliminates the need for agents to
return to the office to get information on properties,
pricing, and contracts

c

  
 Applications of Wireless Networks
( Healthcare
Paperwork often consumes 50-70% of a
healthcare staff¶s time
Doctors and nurses are extremely mobile
and require error-free data
Assures that the right people receive the
right treatment
( -tilities
Automated meter readings and system
monitoring
Saves time and reduces overhead
c

  
 Applications of Wireless Networks
( Field Services
Includes construction workers and inspectors
Eliminates need to carry around large volumes of
procedures and regulations
( Vending
Automatic monitoring of stock levels
Employees are only sent to those machines which
require service
( Other Applications
Backup for mission critical apps running on wired
networks
Allows office employees access to real-time data in
meeting room environments
c

  
 Overview of various Wireless network
standards
IEEE Bluetooth IEEE IEEE HiSWANa Hiper
802.11b 802.11g 802.11a LAN2

() ' ./%0 ./%0 ./%0 1/%0 1/%0 1/%0

"

2
  +(% (% 3(+2 3(+2 3(+2 3(+2

24 !!2"
 5 6 "
 1.2"
 1.2"
 1.2"
 1.2"


  

  ,2, &++ ,2, ,2, &+2* &+2*

 c
&++ &++

+   1*! !7! 1*!" " ! " !

!
 

#888 -  c #888 #888 22, 8&#
 0  ,  #/ ,  ,    -9

c

  
 I l etoot I I i a i er
802.11 802.11g 802.11a 2


 " ' 
 "   # 


 "  
 !! 
 " 
 " 
 " 
 "
! 
  "
  c'  c !!  c  !!7
'   c c 
 !!"  !!7  !!"7

 "  '   !!"7 !! 7
 c  !!  

   7 
7 : !!7 
 " 
 
#
 :#;  7  c !!
'   
  7
 #
:#;
' 7


     

* 
    7
:   
  0

c ;
c7 
    7
7
< 7 
 


  
:< :
 7 7
 
;
 
:< ;;

c

  

    c !!
( Support of asynchronous and time-bounded
delivery service.
( Continuity of service within extended areas via
a distribution system, such as Ethernet.
( Accommodation of transmission rates of
1Mbps and 2Mbps ,4Mbps, «..
( Support of most market applications
( Multicast ( including broadcast) services
( Network management services
( Registration and authentication services
c

  
 &   

( Inside buildings, such as offices, banks,

shops,, malls, hospitals, manufacturing
plants, and residences

( Outdoor areas, such as parking lots,

campuses, building complexes and
outdoor plants

c

  
 
  
( Interoperability
( Fast product development
( Stable future migration
( Roaming provisions
( Low cost
( Stimulation of market demand

c

  
#888 !!* 3(+2

#888 !!"* +

#888 !! * 3(+2

+

c

  
#888 !!1/%0

VFrequency Range: 5.15 to 5.25  Hz (50 mW),

5.25to 5.35  Hz (250 mW)
5.725 to 5.825  Hz (1W)
VAir Access: Orthogonal Frequency Division
Multiplexing (OFDM)
VData Rate: up to 54 Mbps
VCompatibility: Not compatible with 802.11,802.11b,
Home RF, HiperLAN/2
VOperating Range: depends on installation and obstacles
VApplications: Wide Area Networks and Local Area
Networks(data, voice, video)

c

  
#888 !!"
VFrequency Range: 2.4 to 2.4835  Hz
VAir Access: Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum(DSSS)
using Complementary Code Keying(CCK)
VData Rate: up to 11 Mbps
VCompatibility: Compatible to 802.11 DSSS 1 and 2 Mbps
systems. Not compatible with 802.11 FHSS,
Infrared (Ir) systems or HomeRF
VOperating Range: depends on installation and obstacles, up to
500 m
VApplications: all LANs (wireless Ethernet)

c

  
 #888 !! 
VFrequency Range: 2.4 to 2.4835  Hz
VAir Access: Complementary Code Keying-Orthogonal
Frequency Division Multiplexing (CCK-
OFDM)
VData Rate: up to 54 Mbps
VCompatibility: Intended to be compatible with all 802.11
and 802.11b DSSS systems Not compatible
with 802.11 FHSS, Infrared (Ir) systems,
or HomeRF
VOperating Range
VApplications:

c

  
Comparison of IEEE 802.11a and 802.11b
Parameter IEEE 802.11a IEEE 802.11b
Mobile 1!1=1 1/%0:>=>##"
; .!= .? /%0
frequency 12%04  
 !2%04

range 1 1=161/%0:>##2

-
;
! 12%024   
15 1=1 1/%0:>##>

-
;
12%04   

Multiple ,2, ,2,

Access
Method
Duplex &++ &++
Method
-sers per ! 5 ! 5
Channel
Channel 3(+2 2%0 (%!2%0
Spacing + 12%0
Modulation 3(+2@ 7@2 (%/(:1
:1/( ; / ;
3(+2- :112" ; ++- :!2" ;
3(+2!?@2: .7 ?2" ; +@ : 2" ;
3(+2?.@2:1.2" ; ,,@ :!!2" ;

Symbol Rate c


   ! 2"
11=1.2"
4


Õ 
 


 
Õ   
 

Õ
  


  

  
 

Õ




  
Õ 

   
   
Õ  
   

Õ
 
 

 
Õ  
 

 



Õ
  

c

  
Challenges
A Still Not implemented yet, So less resource is
available
APower Hungry
Anot fully Integrated
ABandwidth Efficiency
APower Efficiency
AAnd a lot more«««area, better inductor,
impedance mismatch «««.
c

  
&%B3>

c