Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Kusworini Handono
The most important physiologic function of the immune
system is to prevent or eradicate infections
Role of the immune system
• Defense against microbes
• Defense against the growth of tumor cells
• kills the growth of tumor cells
• Homeostasis
• destruction of abnormal or dead cells
(e.g. dead red or white blood cells, antigen-antibody
complex)
Two types of immunity
1. Innate (non-adaptive) - non specific
• first line of immune response
• relies on mechanisms that exist before infection
IMMUNE
CELLS
Bone Marrow and Thymus :
Maturation of lymphocyte
The lymphatic system
Cells of the Immune system:
•Monocytes, Macrophages, Dendritics
•Granulocytes
• neutrophils
• eosinophils
• basophils
•Lymphocytes
• T-lymphocytes
• B-Lymphocytes, plasma cells
• natural killer lymphocytes
Cells of Innate
Immunity
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Monocytes - Macrophages
• Macrophages are white blood cells that engulf and destroy
foreign (non-self) antigenic molecules, viruses or microbes
(phagocytosis) and then display small fragments of the
antigen on the outer surface of their plasma membrane
(APC)
• Macrophages are related to dendritic cells
Maturation of Monocytes
Neutrophil Function : Phagocytosis
Neutrophils Function :
Neutropphil Extracelluler Traps / NETs
Natural Killer cells
• The NK cell is a nonspecific effector cell that can kill tumor cells and virus-infected
cells.
• They are called natural killer cells because, unlike T cytotoxic cells, they do not
need to recognize a specific antigen before being activated.
• NK cells kill after contact with a target cell. The NK cell is programmed
automatically to kill foreign cells.
• Programmed killing is inhibited if the NK cell membrane molecules contact MHC
self-molecules on normal host cells.
• The mechanism of NK cytotoxicity depends on production of pore-forming
proteins (i.e., NK perforins), enzymes, and toxic cytokines.
Natural Killer cell
1. Physical factors
2. Chemical factors
3. Normal microbiota
Physical factors
• The structure of intact skin
• The lacrimal apparatus
• Saliva washes microorganisms
• Mucus traps many microorganisms,
• The ciliary escalator move mucus up and out
• The flow of urine move microorganisms out
of the urinary tract
Chemical factors
Plasma cell
(Derived from B-
lymphocyte, produces
antibodies)
Cardinal features of Adaptive Immune Responses
Profesional APC
Genetic organization of the HLA
• The HLA region, ± 4.000 kb, on the 6p21.3, is divided into class I, II and III regions
• The class I region encoded : HLA-A, B and C molecules (classical molecules) and HLA-
E, F,G, H, J (non classical molecules)
• The class II region encoded : HLA-DR, DQ and DP molecules (classical molecules) and
HLA-DM and DO (non classical molecules).
• The class III region include : C2, C4, properdine factor B, TNF-α, TNF-β, HSP70, 21-
hydroxylase.
Chromosome 6
MHC/HLA locus
Centromer DP DQ DR B C A
21-OH B1 HSP70
TNF B C E J A H G F
GLO COL11A2 HLA-D B C4BA C4ARD C2 A B
DQ G7a
DP DN DM DO DQ DR
A1 A1 A A LMP LMP A2 A1 A
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