PHYSICS

KINEMATICS: MOTION IN ONE DIRECTION

KINEMATICS
 is a branch of classical mechanics that describes
the motion of points, bodies (objects), and
systems of bodies (groups of objects) without
considering the forces that caused the motion.

Kinema means movement in Greek

KINEMATICS
Mathematical description of motion
◦ Position
◦ Time Interval
◦ Distance
◦ Speed
◦ Displacement
◦ Velocity; absolute value: speed
◦ Acceleration
◦ Averages of the latter two quantities
Three properties of Motion
1. Displacement - the straight line distance between two
points. ΔX = (Xf - Xi)
2. Velocity – the change in Displacement in terms of Time.
3. Acceleration –the change in velocity with respect to time
(a vector quantity).

 Vector Quantity requires both Direction and Magnitude

 Scalar Quantity has numerical value but NO DIRECTION
Velocity
Velocity has a magnitude (a value) and a direction. The unit for velocity
is meters per second (m/s).

Note: for constant acceleration

the Ave. Velocity can also be
express as:
Sample Problem
A car passes telephone pole number 1, located 20.0
m down the street from the corner lamp post, at a
time t1 = 8.00 s. It then passes telephone pole
number 2, located 80.0 m from the lamp post, at a
time of t2 = 16.0 s. What was the average velocity
of the car between the positions 1 and 2?

t = 7.5 s
Formula for Constant
Acceleration
v  v0  at
1
x  x0  ( v0  v )t
2
1
x  x0  v0t  at 2
2
v  v0  2a ( x  x0 )
2 2
Exercise Problem
Starting from rest, a car accelerates at a constant
4.00 m/s2 for a distance of 425 m. The car is then
shifted into neutral and slows down at a rate of
2.25 m/s2. How much time elapses between when
the car starts and when it stops?

t = 40.5 s
Exercise Problem
A hot-air balloon is rising upward with a constant
speed of 3.50 m/s. When the balloon is 115 m
above the ground, a passenger trying to take a
picture accidentally drops his cell phone over the
side of the balloon. Ignoring air resistance, how
much time elapses before the cell phone hits the
ground?
t = 5.21 s
Exercise Problem
A person walks first at a constant speed of 5.00 m/s along a
straight line from point A to point B and then back along the
line from B to A at a constant speed of 3.00 m/s. (a) What is
her average speed over the entire trip? (b) What is her
average velocity over the entire trip?

Speed avg = 3.75m/s

Vavg = 0
Thank You!