Special Products

Prepared By:
Jessa
 Prepare three sets of algebra tiles by cutting them out from an
art paper. Color the tiles from the first set black, the second set
red and the third set yellow.
x x 1 1 1
(2x + 3)(2x + 3)

4x 2 12x 9
xx

4x2 + 12x + 9

Ac
xx

ti Pattern
:
(x)(x) + 2 (a)(x) + (b)(b)

vi
11

x2 + 2ax + b2
11

ty
11
 Special Products

• Using the concept learned in algebra tiles what is the area

of the rectangle shown below?

I= (a)
(c) II= (b)(c)

IV= (b)
ac + bc + ad + bd
III= (a)(d) (d)

(x + y)2 = x2 + 2xy + y2 (Square of a sum)

(x − y)2 = x2 − 2xy + y2 (Square of a difference)

patt
ern
(x + y)3 = x3 + 3x2y + 3xy2 + y3 (Cube of a sum)

(x − y)3 = x3 − 3x2y + 3xy2 − y3 (Cube of a difference)

Examples
1 (Square of a sum)
(x + y)2 = x2 + 2xy + y2 

1. (x + 4)2 = (x + 4)(x + 4)
= x2 + 2(x)(4) + 42

= x2 + 8x + 16

2. (2x + 3y)2 = (2x + 3y)(2x + 3y)

=(2x)2 + 2(2x)(3y) + (3y)2

=4x2 + 12xy + 9y2

3. (5a + 7b)2 = (5a + 7b)(5a + 7b)

=(5a)2 + 2(5a)(7b) + (7b)2

=25a2 + 70ab + 49y2

2 (Square of a difference)
(x − y)2 = x2 − 2xy + y2 

1. (x - 4)2 = (x - 4)(x - 4)
= x2 - 2(x)(4) + 42

= x2 - 8x + 16

2. (2x - 3y)2 = (2x - 3y)(2x - 3y)

=(2x)2 - 2(2x)(3y) + (3y)2

=4x2 - 12xy + 9y2

3. (5a - 7b)2 = (5a - 7b)(5a - 7b)

=(5a)2 - 2(5a)(7b) - (7b)2

=25a2 - 70ab + 49y2

3 (Cube of a sum)
(x + y)3 = x3 + 3x2y + 3xy2 + y3 

1. (x + 2)3 = (x + 2)(x2 + 2(x)(2) + 22) = x3 + 3(x2)(2) + 3 (x)(2)2 +23

= x3 + 4x2 + +4x + 2x2 + 8x + 23 = x3 + 6x2 + 12x +8

= x3 + 6x2 + 12x + 8

2. (2x + 3y)3 = (2x)3 + 3 (2x)2 (3y)+ 3(2x)(3y)2 + (3y)3

= 8x3 + 36x2y + 54xy2 + 27

3. (5a + 7b)3 = (5a)3 + 3(5a)2(7b) + 3(5a)(7b)2 + (7b)3

=125a3 + 525a2b + 735ab2 (7b)2 + 343b3

4  (Cube of a difference)
(x − y)3 = x3 − 3x2y + 3xy2 − y3

1. (x + 2)3 = (x + 2)(x2 + 2(x)(2) + 22) = x3 - 3(x2)(2) + 3 (x)(2)2 - 23

= x3 + 4x2 + +4x + 2x2 + 8x + 23 = x3 - 6x2 + 12x - 8

= x3 + 6x2 + 12x + 8

2. (2x + 3y)3 = (2x)3 - 3 (2x)2 (3y)+ 3(2x)(3y)2 - (3y)3

= 8x3 - 36x2y + 54xy2 - 27

3. (5a + 7b)3 = (5a)3 - 3(5a)2(7b) + 3(5a)(7b)2 - (7b)3

=125a3 - 525a2b + 735ab2 (7b)2 - 343b3

Activity
Use one of the appropriate pattern below to find the product of
the following:

1. Expand (5a + 2b)2 2. Expand (q − 6)2 3. Expand(2s + 3)3

(5a + 2b)2 (q − 6)2 (2s + 3)3
= (5a)2 + 2(5a)(2b) + (2b)2 = (q)2 − 2(q)(6) + (6)2 = (2s)3 + 3(2s)2(3) + 3(2s)(3)2 + (3)3
= 25a2 + 20ab + 4b2 = q2 − 12q + 36 = 8s3 + 36s2 + 54s + 27

4. Expand (3p − 4q)2 5. Expand (x - 6)3

(3p − 4q)2 (x - 6)3
= (3p)2 − 2(3p)(4q) + (4)2 = (x)3 - 3(x)2(6) + 3(x)(6)2 - (6)3
= 9p2 − 24pq + 16q2 = x3 - 18x2 + 108x + 216
 Assignment
Answer the exercises in your Math Book, page 16.
End of slide