Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
ON
RESULTS BASED
MANAGEMENT
(RBM)
What is RBM?
RBM is a systematic process, by which we are
able to plan better, implement, monitor and
manage projects better.
RBM means:
Defining realistic expected results based on
appropriate analysis.
Clearly identifying project beneficiaries and
designing projects to meet their needs.
Monitoring progress towards results with the
use of appropriate indicators
Identifying and managing risks.
Increasing knowledge by learning lessons and
integrating them into decisions.
Reporting on results achieved and the resources
involved.
It is a dynamic process because:
it involves stakeholders at both ends - donors and
communities
it calls for flexibility in management so as to
achieve the results through a systematic process
WHY USE RBM ?
But :
If professional in their work used the
knowledge, then the training could
claim to have contributed to a change
in professional practice
Beyond the
Impact III level
Long-term
Ultimate –
Program level project
Results
• ACTIVITY
• A planned process that has been
finished for both the purpose and the
people for whom it was intended.
INPUT
• The human, organizational, physical
and financial resources contributed
directly or indirectly by the
stakeholders of a project
Example:
Impact:
- Improved self-esteem of women.
Women invest the money in their own and
family’s health care, education
Outcome:
At least 75 women improve their income from
animal rearing by a minimum of Rs. 1500/- per
month.
Outputs
OUTCOMES
OUTPUTS
COMPLETED ACTIVITIES
INPUTS/RESOURCES
HOW RESULTS CHAIN OPERATES
oInputs and Activities in a project
produce outputs
o Outputs collectively should lead
to the outcomes
o A combination of Outcomes of
several projects in a Priority
should contribute to the impact at
the Program level
HOW TO SET RESULTS
Consider the 3 Rs
➨ Results (WHY AND WHAT)
➨ Reach (WHO)
➨ Resources and Activities
(HOW)
(R 1) Consider Why do we want a
Project?… This helps to set the Longer
Term Results (Impact) on the country,
society, region (More at the Program
level)
(R 2) What do we want to achieve?…
This helps to set the Short and Medium
term Results of a project (Outputs and
Outcomes of a project)
(R 3) Who do we want to Reach?…
Who will the project benefit (the target)
which must be integrated with outcome
Type of Results
Quantitative Results
Results, the achievement of which can be
measured objectively.
Increase in income
Increase in membership
Increase in height, weight.
Qualitative results
Results, achievement of which can be
measured, but not objectively.
Increase in self esteem
Increase in skills
Increase in awareness
Change in attitudes
Results must show the change as an
effect of the organization’s Intervention
Outcomes Impact
Objective: Outcome:
•300 families will earn additional
500 families will be economically income of 10,000 rupees by
developed by March 2008 growing___quintals of corn in 1
Ht. of land each by March 2008
•200 families will earn additional
income of 10,000 rupees by
rearing__ pigs each by March 2008
OBJECTIVE/PURPOSE & OUTCOME
OBJECTIVE/PURPOSE OUTCOME
People’s organizations at Upzila level is Within two year
functioning and addressing lobbying, social
action and awareness raising issues 1. People’s organization is identifying local
issues and is independently;
-Preparing plans of 6 monthly duration
executing programs as per plan monitoring and
evaluating its actions and results
2. People’s organizations is successful in
actions:-
Obtaining Khas land for 50 primary group
landless members, for cultivation
Mobilizing House construction assistance for
20 Primary group members
Ensuring that attendance of teachers and
children in 5 local government schools
improves
Ensuring that loan recovery from Primary
group members to the NGO improves from
80% to 90%
ACTIVITIES AND OUTPUTS
ACTIVITIES OUTPUTS
Discuss the need for reviving the federation Primary group members feel the need and
with primary group members agree to revive the federation / people’s
organization
Orientation and leadership training to elected People organization’s leaders become aware
representative / leaders about their role and tasks and the purpose and
systems of the organization.
Activity Output
• Federation organizes
• Facilitate the regular meetings and
functioning of the takes
decisions
independent
federation
• Federation prepares micro
• Facilitate micro plan – Decides results,
planning tasks to be performed,
divides
responsibilities,Prepare
budgets
• Facilitate linkage
• Federation leader begin
with the Govt. to visit Govt officers and
raise their demands
offices
ASSUMPTIONS/RISKS
ASSUMPTIONS
Assumptions are :
The required external conditions that will
facilitate the generation of results
This condition must exist for the internal
cause and effect chain to work
These conditions are such that planners /
managers are not able to control as they
are external to the project
RISKS
Risks are the factors that will negatively
affect the assumptions and negate the
positive conditions required to produce
results.
TYPES OF RISK:
✸ Internal Risk:
✸ External Risk:
RISK MANAGEMENT
♣ Consider risk management strategies and
allocate resources (risk allowance) to bring
the risk factors under management control.
Outcome Assumption
Then…..farmers improve their income if farmers get good market and good
price for their produce
Output Assumption
Then…….farmers grow vegetables/rear if Banks provide credit to purchase
animals cattle/seeds
What is an Indicator ?
A tool to measure a result
An evidence that a result has been
achieved
500 Children will complete primary No. of children who passed 5th
education standard (primary education)
Water user Association (WUA) will No. of members who have received
manage their water resources the water for irrigation as per the
effectively by 2007 initial agreement made in WUA
meeting
% of tail end farmers who have
received the water as per
agreement
No. and percent of members who have
paid their dues fully
Availability of surplus money (for
maintenance of equipment) after
meeting all running expenses.
TYPES OF INDICATORS
Valid
Useful
Reliable
Simple
Affordable
3. Reliable:
- Is it a consistent measure over
time/situation?
4. Simple:
- Will it be easy to collect and analyze the
information?
5. Affordable:
- Can the program/project afford to
collect the information?
What is a Logical
Framework Analysis
(LFA)?
LFA is best used to assist :
In setting strategic objectives;
Defining a chain of expected Results;
Selecting appropriate performance
indicators that are gender sensitive to
measure progress towards the expected
results;
Identifying underlying assumptions and risks
Log Frame Matrix
Expected Results (LFM)
Expected Results Performance Assumptions/Risk
Measurement
Impact
Outcome
Output
Activities
KEY PRINCIPLES OF RBM
The LFA is the building block for successful
projects.
Results need to be SMART.
Projects need to define expected results at the
output and outcome levels.
Results require indicators to capture evidence of
results.
Assumptions are conditions required for expected
results to be achieved.
Risks are factors that affect the assumptions.
STEPS FOR PARTICIPATORY
PROJECT PLANNING
Secondary data collection
Identify issues with the involvement of
field staff based on the secondary data
Problem analysis on any major
problem with the involvement of field
staff
Conducting problem analysis in the
field and matching it with the staff’s
problem analysis
Preparing the final problem analysis
Verify the final problem analysis
solution with the villagers
Participatory planning session with the
community
Derivation of the objectives and the
outcome from the field
Logical framework analysis with the
team of staff
Sharing the log-frame with the
community
DIFFERENT STAGES OF PROJECT
INTEGRATING RBM